Concrete action now: UN High-Level Meeting on Tuberculosis

Herbert, Nick; Sharma, Virendra K.; Masham, Baroness; Sheehan, Baroness Shaista; Hauser, Janika; Zumla, Alimuddin

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30171-3

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious threat to global public health, ranking as the leading cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide [1]. According to a World Health Organization (WHO) [2] report in 2018, 10 million people were estimated to develop TB in 2017, and cases in China accounted for 9% of the new cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Out-of-pocket payments and economic consequences from tuberculosis care in eastern China: income inequality

Liu

Wang

et al. 2020

Infect Dis Poverty

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Background: Despite the availability of free tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and treatment, TB care still generates substantial costs that push people into poverty. We investigated out-of-pocket (OOP) payments for TB care and assessed the resulting economic burden and economic consequences for those with varying levels of household income in eastern China. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among TB patients in the national TB programme networks in eastern China. TB-related direct OOP costs, time loss, and coping strategies were investigated across households in different economic strata. Analysis of Variance was used to examine the differences in various costs, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare the difference in total costs as a percentage of annual household income. Results: Among 435 patients, the mean OOP total costs of TB care were USD 2389.5. In the lower-income quartile, OOP payments were lower, but costs as a percentage of reported annual household income were higher. Medical costs and costs prior to treatment accounted for 66.4 and 48.9% of the total costs, respectively. The lower the household income was, the higher the proportion of medical costs to total costs before TB treatment, but the lower the proportion of medical costs patients spent in the intensive phase. TB care caused 25.8% of TB-affected households to fall below the poverty line and caused the poverty gap (PG) to increase by United States Dollar (USD) 145.6. Patients in the poorest households had the highest poverty headcount ratio (70.2%) and PG (USD 236.1), but those in moderately poor households had the largest increase in the poverty headcount ratio (36.2%) and PG (USD 177.8) due to TB care. Patients from poor households were more likely to borrow money to cope with the costs of TB care; however, there were fewer social consequences, except for food insecurity, in poor households. Conclusions: Medical and pretreatment costs lead to high costs of TB care, especially among patients from the poorest households. It is necessary to train health system staff in general hospitals to promptly identify and refer TB patients. Pro-poor programmes are also needed to protect TB patients from the medical poverty trap.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Out-of-pocket payments and economic consequences from tuberculosis care in eastern China: income inequality

Liu

Wang

et al. 2020

Infect Dis Poverty

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“…5 An unprecedented level of political commitment to ending the tuberculosis pandemic was achieved at the UNGA-HLM-TB. 6,7 Encouragingly, this has continued and remains strong, with some heads of states and most ministers of health personally involved, particularly those from countries that proactively participated in the process before and during the UNGA-HLM-TB. Now is the time to translate this political will and commitments into practical action within the short timeframe of the targets.…”

Section: After the Unga High-level Meeting On Tuberculosiswhat Next Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Now is the time to translate this political will and commitments into practical action within the short timeframe of the targets. The Declaration created unprecedented opportunities requiring concrete actions 7 and raises the questions: what next and how?…”

Section: After the Unga High-level Meeting On Tuberculosiswhat Next Amentioning

confidence: 99%

After the UNGA High-Level Meeting on Tuberculosis—what next and how?

Sahu¹,

Diţiu²,

Zumla

2019

The Lancet Global Health

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“…Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium TB, remains a major public health issue worldwide 1,2 . The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 10.4 million people developed TB and there were more than 1.7 million TB deaths worldwide in 2016 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial inequality, characteristics of internal migration, and pulmonary tuberculosis in China, 2011–2016: A spatial analysis

Gao

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Human migration facilitate the spread of tuberculosis (TB). Migrants face an increased risk of TB infection. In this study, we aim to explore the spatial inequity of sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB (SS + PTB) in China; and the spatial heterogeneity between SS + PTB and internal migration.Methods: Notified SS + PTB cases in 31 provinces in mainland China were obtained from the national web-based PTB surveillance system database. Internal migrant data were extracted from the report on China’s migrant population development. Spatial autocorrelations were explored using the global Moran’s statistic and local indicators of spatial association. The spatial variation in temporal trends was performed using Kulldorff’s scan statistic. Four fixed effects models were used to explore the spatial inequity between SS + PTB and internal migration.Results: A total of 2 148 620 SS+PTB cases were reported in China between 2011 and 2016, of which, 1 549 664 (72.12%) were male and 598 956 (27.88%) were female. Over 70% of internal migrants were from rural households and had lower income and less educated. The spatial variation in temporal trend results showed that there was an 11.2% average annual decrease in the notification rate of SS + PTB from 2011 to 2016; and spatial clustering of SS + PTB cases was mainly located in western and southern China. The spatial autocorrelation results revealed significant spatial of internal migration each year (2011–2016), and the clusters were stable within most provinces. Internal emigrant and GDP per capita were significantly associated with SS + PTB, further, emigrant could explain more variation in SS + PTB in the eastern region in mainland. However, internal immigrant was not significantly associated with SS + PTB across China. Conclusions: Our study found a significant spatial inequity between SS + PTB and internal migration. Both emigration and GDP per capita were statistically associated with SS + PTB; the negative association was identified between emigrant and SS + PTB. Further, we found those migrants with lower income and less educated, and most of them were from rural households. These findings can help stakeholders to implement effective PTB control strategies for areas at high risk of PTB and those with high rates of internal migration.

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Concrete action now: UN High-Level Meeting on Tuberculosis

Cited by 14 publications

References 1 publication

Out-of-pocket payments and economic consequences from tuberculosis care in eastern China: income inequality

Out-of-pocket payments and economic consequences from tuberculosis care in eastern China: income inequality

After the UNGA High-Level Meeting on Tuberculosis—what next and how?

Spatial inequality, characteristics of internal migration, and pulmonary tuberculosis in China, 2011–2016: A spatial analysis

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