Concrete with discrete slender elements from mechanically recycled wind turbine blades

Yazdanbakhsh, Ardavan; Bank, Lawrence C.; Rieder, Klaus‐Alexander; Tian, Yuan; Chen, Chen

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.08.005

Cited by 102 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The developed industrial countries are generating a considerable amount of polymeric waste (Bhadra et al, 2017;Yazdanbakhsh et al, 2018;Holgersson et al, 2017;Das and Tiwari, 2018). The resources are depleted through a conventional process of materials which results in economic loss (Naqvi et al, 2018).…”

Section: Circular Economy and Global Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review on recycling of end-of-life carbon fibre/glass fibre reinforced composites waste using pyrolysis towards a circular economy

Naqvi

Prabhakara

Bramer

et al. 2018

Resources, Conservation and Recycling

335

153

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The rapid utilization of carbon fibre reinforced composite (CFRC) and glass fibre reinforced composite (GFRC) in main sectors, such as automobile, aerospace, wind turbines, boats and sport parts, has gained much attention because of its high strength, light weight and impressive mechanical properties. Currently, the increasing amount and handling of composite waste at their end-of-life (EoL) has a negative impact on resources conservation and the environment. Pyrolysis, a two-step process, appeared as most viable process to recover not only valuable materials but also produce fuel and chemicals. However, the testing facilities and optimized operation of composite waste in pyrolysis processes to produce materials with low energy consumption and acceptable mechanical properties are still under development and discussion before commercialization. The aim of this article is to review the studies on CFRC/GFRC recycling via pyrolysis processes and highlight their technical challenges and re-use possibilities in high performance composites. The forthcoming commercialization challenges and respective market potential to recyclates using the pyrolysis process will be addressed. This study will also introduce the strong connection between recycling and re-usability of fibres which would help to explain the concept of circular economy and cradle-to-cradle approach. Finally, based on updated studies and critical analysis, research gaps in the recycling treatments of fibrous composite waste using pyrolysis processes are discussed with recommendations.

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Section: Circular Economy and Global Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review on recycling of end-of-life carbon fibre/glass fibre reinforced composites waste using pyrolysis towards a circular economy

Naqvi

Prabhakara

Bramer

et al. 2018

Resources, Conservation and Recycling

335

153

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“…The concept of "needle" as concrete reinforcing element has been discussed in a number of past studies [28,29]. Needles resemble fibers used in concrete in two general ways: (1) A needle is elongated, i.e.…”

Section: The Concept Of "Needle" As Discrete Reinforcing Elements In mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the diameter of the cylinders was only 50% larger than the length of the needles the distribution and orientation of the needles in the cylindrical specimens were relatively random ( Figure 5). In another recent study, GFRP needles with a geometry similar to that of rebar needles were produced by cutting a wind turbine blade using a table saw with a diamond blade [29]. These windblade (WB) needles had a length of 100 mm and the majority of them had square cross-sections with the side length of 6 mm.…”

Section: Past Studies On Recycling Gfrp Waste Into Needles For Use Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The better performance of concrete with wind blade needles in compression compared to that of concrete with rebar needles is expected to be due to the more angular surface of wind blade needles. In another recent study, GFRP needles with a geometry similar to that of rebar needles were produced by cutting a wind turbine blade using a table saw with a diamond blade [29]. These wind-blade (WB) needles had a length of 100 mm and the majority of them had square cross-sections with the side length of 6 mm.…”

Section: Past Studies On Recycling Gfrp Waste Into Needles For Use Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical Processing of GFRP Waste into Large-Sized Pieces for Use in Concrete

2018

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Recycling glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite materials has been proven to be challenging due to their high mechanical performance and high resistance to harsh chemical and thermal conditions. This work discusses the efforts made in the past to mechanically process GFRP waste materials by cutting them into large-sized (cm scale) pieces, as opposed to pulverization, for use in concrete mixtures. These pieces can be classified into two main categories-coarse aggregate and discrete reinforcement, here referred to as "needles." The results from all the studies show that using GFRP coarse aggregate leads to significant reductions in the compressive strength and tensile strength of concrete. However, GFRP needles lead to sizable increases in the energy absorption capacity of concrete. In addition, if the glass fibers are longitudinally aligned within the needles, these elements can substantially increase the tensile strength of concrete. Processing GFRP waste into needles requires less energy and time than that for producing GFRP coarse aggregate. Also, compared to pulverized GFRP waste, which consists of broken and separate particles of glass and resin that at best can be used as low-quality fillers, GFRP needles are high strength composite elements.Recycling 2018, 3, 8 2 of 11 fibers [8]. These techniques are very costly and are justifiable only for carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite materials because of the high price of carbon fibers.Low-impact processing of GFRP into products which can be used in built infrastructure can have a significant beneficial impact on the environment, as it reduces the demand for natural resources and the need for landfilling. Mechanical recycling of GFRP is an attractive option in terms of lower energy demand and the avoidance of chemical processes. The energy required for mechanical recycling is between 0.5% and 5% of that required for chemical recycling and between 0.4% and 16% of the energy used for thermal recycling (pyrolysis) [9]. One issue with traditional mechanical processing (pulverizing or shredding) is that the processed GFRP is no longer a composite material. It consists of separate pieces of broken damaged fibers and resin particles and therefore has a negative impact on the mechanical properties of the new material in which it is incorporated [8,[10][11][12]. Cutting GFRP waste into relatively large pieces for use in new products, as opposed to grinding and shredding, is an attractive potential recycling option for two reasons: (1) the energy demand for cutting GFRP to large pieces is less than that required for grinding and shredding (since less surface is generated) and (2) cut pieces of GFRP are composite materials, rather than separate damaged fibers and resin particles, with mechanical properties the same as those of the GFRP before being processed.This work presents the main investigations performed in the past on the incorporation of coarse processed GFRP waste in concrete. In those studies, different types of GFRP products were processed into ele...

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“…Ismail and Al-Hashmi (2009) reported that variation in results could be due to inadequate bonding of the cement paste and glass aggregate. One study used plain and grooved fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) needles (6 mm diameter and 100 mm long), replacing coarse aggregate at 5% and 10% (Yazdanbakhsh et al 2018). The grooved needles, each of which had notches along the edge to improve bonding, showed a compressive strength increase of up to 7%, while the plain needles showed a compressive strength decrease of 2%.…”

Section: Chapter 1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycled glass fiber reinforced polymer composites incorporated in mortar for improved mechanical performance

Rodin

Nassiri

Englund

et al. 2018

Construction and Building Materials

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Concrete with discrete slender elements from mechanically recycled wind turbine blades

Cited by 102 publications

References 16 publications

A critical review on recycling of end-of-life carbon fibre/glass fibre reinforced composites waste using pyrolysis towards a circular economy

A critical review on recycling of end-of-life carbon fibre/glass fibre reinforced composites waste using pyrolysis towards a circular economy

Mechanical Processing of GFRP Waste into Large-Sized Pieces for Use in Concrete

Recycled glass fiber reinforced polymer composites incorporated in mortar for improved mechanical performance

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