Concurrent and Short-Term Prospective Relations among Neurocognitive Functioning, Coping, and Depressive Symptoms in Youth

Evans, Lindsay D.; Kouros, Chrystyna D.; Samanez-Larkin, Silvia; Garber, Judy

doi:10.1080/15374416.2014.982282

Cited by 44 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Furthermore, we find that the use of cognitive reappraisal is associated with decreased symptoms of mood and anxiety in the context of greater life stress as well as clinical diagnosis of a mood or anxiety disorder. Although the cross-sectional nature of our data makes formal tests of mediation unfeasible, the findings are consistent with prior behavioral work finding that coping strategies, including cognitive reappraisal, mediate the relationship between executive control and mood (Campbell et al, 2009; Evans, Kouros, Samanez-Larkin, & Garber, 2015). Thus, our current findings fill a gap in understanding the cognitive control of emotion.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Thinking and Feeling

Scult

Knodt

Swartz

et al. 2016

Clinical Psychological Science

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Calculating math problems from memory may seem unrelated to everyday processing of emotions, but they have more in common than one might think. Prior research highlights the importance of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) in executive control, intentional emotion regulation, and experience of dysfunctional mood and anxiety. While it has been hypothesized that emotion regulation may be related to ‘cold’ (ie. not emotion-related) executive control, this assertion has not been tested. We address this gap by providing evidence that greater dlPFC activity during ‘cold’ executive control is associated with increased use of cognitive reappraisal to regulate emotions in everyday life. We then demonstrate that in the presence of increased life stress, increased dlPFC activity is associated with lower mood and anxiety symptoms and clinical diagnoses. Collectively, our results encourage ongoing efforts to understand prefrontal executive control as a possible intervention target for improving emotion regulation in mood and anxiety disorders.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Thinking and Feeling

Scult

Knodt

Swartz

et al. 2016

Clinical Psychological Science

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“…Parents with more years of education tend to have children with higher executive functioning (Sarsour et al, 2011), one component of Openness (Murdock, Oddi, & Bridgett, 2013). In addition, greater cognitive capacity facilitates coping skills and the capacity to manage stress and uncertainty (Evans, Kouros, Samanez-Larkin, & Garber, 2016; Gottfredson & Deary, 2004), which may consolidate into greater emotional stability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental educational attainment and adult offspring personality: An intergenerational life span approach to the origin of adult personality traits.

Sutin¹,

Luchetti²,

Stéphan³

et al. 2017

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

101

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Why do some individuals have more self-control or are more vulnerable to stress than others? Where do these basic personality traits come from? Although a fundamental question in personality, more is known about how traits are related to important life outcomes than their developmental origins. The present research took an intergenerational lifespan approach to address whether a significant aspect of the childhood environment – parental educational attainment – was associated with offspring personality traits in adulthood. We tested the association between parents’ educational levels and adult offspring personality traits in seven samples (overall age range 14–95) and meta-analytically combined the results (total N>60,000). Parents with more years of education had children who were more open, extraverted, and emotionally stable as adults. These associations were small but consistent, of similar modest magnitude to the association between life events and change in personality in adulthood, and were also supported by longitudinal analyses. Contrary to expectations, parental educational attainment was unrelated to offspring Conscientiousness, except for a surprisingly negative association in the younger cohorts. The results were similar in a subsample of participants who were adopted, which suggested that environmental mechanisms were as relevant as shared genetic variants. Participant levels of education were associated with greater conscientiousness, emotional stability, extraversion, and openness and partially mediated the relation between parent education and personality. Child IQ and family income were also partial mediators. The results of this research suggest that parental educational attainment is one intergenerational factor associated with offspring personality development in adulthood.

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“…There is a large body of cross‐sectional evidence linking behavioural and neurological measures of executive control with several psychiatric disorders, ranging from depression, anxiety, ADHD, conduct problems, OCD, PTSD and psychosis (Cortese et al., ; Eysenck, Derakshan, Santos, & Calvo, ; Holmes et al., ; Morgan & Lilienfeld, ; Rubia, ; Snyder, ; Snyder, Kaiser et al., ; Snyder, Miyake et al., ; Willcutt, Doyle, Nigg, Faraone, & Pennington, ). Moreover, evidence from longitudinal studies suggest that, independently of baseline diagnostic status or symptoms level, executive control functioning predicts future symptoms of PTSD (Parslow & Jorm, ), depression and anxiety (Evans, Kouros, Samanez‐Larkin, & Garber, ; Han et al., ), ADHD (Campbell & von Stauffenberg, ) and psychosis (Cannon et al., ).…”

Section: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and The Study Of Childmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual Research Review: Childhood maltreatment, latent vulnerability and the shift to preventative psychiatry – the contribution of functional brain imaging

McCrory

Gerin

Viding

2017

Child Psychology Psychiatry

274

245

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Background: Childhood maltreatment is a potent predictor of poor mental health across the life span. We argue that there is a need to improve the understanding of the mechanisms that confer psychiatric vulnerability following maltreatment, if we are to progress from simply treating those with a manifest disorder, to developing effective preventative approaches that can help offset the likelihood that such disorders will emerge in the first place. Methods: We review extant functional neuroimaging studies of children and adolescents exposed to early neglect and/or maltreatment, including physical, sexual and emotional abuse across four neurocognitive domains: threat processing, reward processing, emotion regulation and executive control. Findings are discussed in the context of 'latent vulnerability', where alterations in neurocognitive function are considered to carry adaptive value in early adverse caregiving environments but confer long-term risk. Results: Studies on threat processing indicate heightened as well as depressed neural responsiveness in maltreated samples, particularly in the amygdala, thought to reflect threat hypervigilance and avoidance respectively. Studies on reward processing generally report blunted neural response to anticipation and receipt of rewards, particularly in the striatum, patterns associated with depressive symptomatology. Studies on emotion regulation report increased activation of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during active emotion regulation, possibly reflecting greater effortful processing. Finally, studies of executive control report increased dorsal ACC activity during error monitoring and inhibition. Conclusions: An emerging body of work indicates that altered neurocognitive functioning following maltreatment: (a) is evident even in the absence of overt psychopathology; (b) is consistent with perturbations seen in individuals presenting with psychiatric disorder; (c) can predict future psychiatric symptomatology. These findings suggest that maltreatment leads to neurocognitive alterations that embed latent vulnerability to psychiatric disorder, establishing a compelling case for identifying those children at most risk and developing mechanistically informed models of preventative intervention. Such interventions should aim to offset the likelihood of any future psychiatric disorder.

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Concurrent and Short-Term Prospective Relations among Neurocognitive Functioning, Coping, and Depressive Symptoms in Youth

Cited by 44 publications

References 93 publications

Thinking and Feeling

Thinking and Feeling

Parental educational attainment and adult offspring personality: An intergenerational life span approach to the origin of adult personality traits.

Annual Research Review: Childhood maltreatment, latent vulnerability and the shift to preventative psychiatry – the contribution of functional brain imaging

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