“…It is well recognized that innovation, especially if characterized as internal formal R&D, allows the creation of products more capable of meeting the market needs, and it also produces highly positive spillovers and synergies (Catozzella, Vivarelli 2007;Valle, Vázquez-Bustelo 2009), also from the point of view of the employees' number and qualification (Piva, Vivarelli 2009). So, human capital turns out to be one of the most important hallmarks of the Italian firms in the machine tool industry, so that the statement "made by Italians" has been proposed instead of the more classical "made in Italy" (Rizzi et al 2012).…”