Concurrent low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet with/without physical activity does not improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetics

Breukelman, Gerrit Jan; Basson, Albertus K.; Djarova, Trayana; Preez, Cornelia Johanna Du; Shaw, Ina; Malan, Heidi; Shaw, Brandon S.

doi:10.1080/16070658.2019.1638610

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…We identified 9,358 publications and registrations from the initial search, and 176 from the updated search. In total, 111 publications 38–148 were eligible, where 107 independent studies were identified (Figure 1). All the items excluded via full‐text screening and their reason for exclusion are listed in File S4.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We identified 9,358 publications and registrations from the initial search, and 176 from the updated search. In total, 111 publications 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , ...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative efficacy of different eating patterns in the management of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: An arm‐based Bayesian network meta‐analysis

Zeng

Pan

et al. 2022

J of Diabetes Invest

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Aims/Introduction Diet therapy is a vital approach to manage type 2 diabetes and prediabetes. However, the comparative efficacy of different eating patterns is not clear enough. We aimed to compare the efficacy of various eating patterns for glycemic control, anthropometrics, and serum lipid profiles in the management of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes. Materials and Methods We conducted a network meta‐analysis using arm‐based Bayesian methods and random effect models, and drew the conclusions using the partially contextualized framework. We searched twelve databases and yielded 9,534 related references, where 107 studies were eligible, comprising 8,909 participants. Results Eleven diets were evaluated for 14 outcomes. Caloric restriction was ranked as the best pattern for weight loss (SUCRA 86.8%) and waist circumference (82.2%), low‐carbohydrate diets for body mass index (81.6%), and high‐density lipoprotein (84.0%), and low‐glycemic‐index diets for total cholesterol (87.5%) and low‐density lipoprotein (86.6%). Other interventions showed some superiorities, but were imprecise due to insufficient participants and needed further investigation. The attrition rates of interventions were similar. Meta‐regression suggested that macronutrients, energy intake, and weight may modify outcomes differently. The evidence was of moderate‐to‐low quality, and 38.2% of the evidence items met the minimal clinically important differences. Conclusions The selection and development of dietary strategies for diabetic/prediabetic patients should depend on their holistic conditions, i.e., serum lipid profiles, glucometabolic patterns, weight, and blood pressure. It is recommended to identify the most critical and urgent metabolic indicator to control for one specific patient, and then choose the most appropriate eating pattern accordingly.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative efficacy of different eating patterns in the management of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: An arm‐based Bayesian network meta‐analysis

Zeng

Pan

et al. 2022

J of Diabetes Invest

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“…This is in contrast to Nanri et al (29), who found that restricting carbohydrate consumption by 45% -60% led to a decrease in HbA1c and improved glycemic control. Furthermore, Breukelman et al (28) found no significant improvements with walking, which was in contrast to Gainey et al (30), which found that walking can improve glycemic control and HbA1c in type 2 diabetics, especially at a higher intensity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Breukelman et al (28) found that a LCHFD had no significant improvements on HbA1c and glycemic control. This is in contrast to Nanri et al (29), who found that restricting carbohydrate consumption by 45% -60% led to a decrease in HbA1c and improved glycemic control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Function Response Following a Low-carbohydrate, High-fat Diet (LCHFD) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2021

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Background: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that can result in micro- and macrovascular complications and is complicated by an impaired healing process. Research suggests that both dietary factors and habitual physical activity influence the hemostatic system through several pathways. Objectives: The study attempted to investigate if a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet (LCHFD), on its own or in conjunction with physical activity, could alter hematologic variables in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Participants (n = 39; 31 - 71 y.) were assigned into three groups, which included either a 16 week continuous physical activity program with the consumption of an LCHFD (ExDG) (n = 13; 41 - 71 y), consuming only a LCHFD group (DietG) (n = 13; 31 - 71 y.), or a control group (ConG) (n = 13; 44 - 69 y). Participants in the ExDG were advised only to consume a diet high in fat and not consume more than 50 g of carbohydrates per day. Furthermore, participants had to walk a minimum of 10000 steps per day. The DietG were instructed to only consume a diet high in fat and low in carbohydrates, where the ConG continued with their normal daily routine. Results: No significant changes (P > 0.05) were observed in white blood cell count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, hemoglobin, red blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, platelets, red blood cell distribution width, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and C-reactive protein following ExDG, DietG or in the ConG. Conclusions: A LCHFD on its own or in conjunction with physical activity does not have any effect on the measured hematologic variables in patients with type 2 diabetes. This may be due to the current popular recommendation of LCHFD not being useful in type 2 diabetics and 10000 steps being of insufficient intensity to improve hematologic parameters in type 2 diabetics.

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Comparative efficacy of different eating patterns in the management of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: An arm-based Bayesian network meta-analysis

Zeng

Pan

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The study aimed to compare and rank the efficacy of various eating patterns for glycemic control, anthropometrics, and serum lipid profiles in the management of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes, and provide evidence for personalized clinical decision-making. We conducted a network meta-analysis using arm-based Bayesian methods and random effect models following the Cochrane handbook. We drew the conclusions using the partially contextualized framework by the GRADE working group. Twelve English and Chinese databases and registers were retrieved, and we obtained 9,534 references, of which 107 independent studies were eligible, including 8,909 participants, ten experimental diets, and thirteen outcome variables. The meta-analysis denoted that: caloric restriction was ranked as the best pattern for weight loss (SUCRA 86.8%) and reducing waist circumference (82.2%), high-fiber diets for lowering fasting plasma glucose (82.1%) and insulin (79.4%), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension for reducing glycated hemoglobin (90.5%) and systolic blood pressure (87.9%), simple high-protein diets for improving insulin resistance (86.3%) and diastolic blood pressure (74.6%), low-carbohydrate diets for improving body mass index (81.6%) and high-density lipoprotein (84.0%), low-glycemic-index diets for lowering total cholesterol (87.5%) and low-density lipoprotein (86.6%), and Paleolithic diets for reducing triacylglycerol (83.4%). However, the results were of moderate sensitivity, and publication bias of glycated hemoglobin, weight, and body mass index existed. Meta-regression suggested that macronutrients, energy intake, baseline, and weight may modify outcomes differently, while the duration did not show a significant association with results. Forty-nine (39.8%) out of 123 pieces of evidence was rated as moderate quality, and there was no high-quality evidence. Additionally, only 38.2% of the effect sizes of the evidence met the minimally important clinical difference threshold. Clinicians can use the evidence to provide personalized nutrition consultations to patients according to their baseline characteristics. However, the results should be carefully explained and applied because of the sensitivity and low quality.

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Concurrent low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet with/without physical activity does not improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetics

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Comparative efficacy of different eating patterns in the management of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: An arm‐based Bayesian network meta‐analysis

Comparative efficacy of different eating patterns in the management of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: An arm‐based Bayesian network meta‐analysis

Immune Function Response Following a Low-carbohydrate, High-fat Diet (LCHFD) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Comparative efficacy of different eating patterns in the management of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: An arm-based Bayesian network meta-analysis

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