Concurrent modelling of carbonation and chloride-induced deterioration and uncertainty treatment in aging bridge fragility assessment

Time-Dependent Seismic Fragility of Typical Concrete Girder Bridges under Chloride-Induced Corrosion

“…However, the propagation of longitudinal cracks and the cracking of concrete cover inversely result in a reduction in the confinement with the accumulation of rust products. According to the unconfined and confined stress-strain rules (i.e., BLG model, Figure 6), the residual strength of the unconfined concrete can be evaluated using Equation ( 17) [40], where K is a coefficient related to the rebar roughness and the diameter (a value K = 0.1 is used for mediumdiameter ribbed rebars), ε c (0) is the initial strain of the unconfined concrete at the peak compressive stress f pc (0) and ε t (t) is the average tensile strain in the cracked concrete at time t. The average tensile strain can be evaluated using Equation (18) [40], where n bars is the number of longitudinal rebars, r i is the width of the cross-sectional area in a pristine state and w is the crack width for each longitudinal rebar. The relationship between the crack width and cross-sectional loss of the longitudinal steel bar can be expressed as Equation ( 19) [41], where k w = 0.0575 mm −1 , ∆A s is the cross-sectional loss of a longitudinal steel bar for cracking propagation and ∆A s0 is the cross-sectional loss of the longitudinal reinforcement for cracking initiation.…”

“…Fan et al [ 12 ] established a fragility analysis framework for RC bridge structures subjected to the multi-hazard effect of vessel collisions and corrosion. Meanwhile, the modeling and analysis of the time-dependent seismic fragility due to the corrosion effects of RC bridges has received significant attention [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

“…According to China’s Ministry of Transportation, the aging and deterioration phenomenon of MSC concrete girder bridges are commonly found in seismic zones, such as northern China, because deicing salts are extensively used on highway bridges [ 24 ]. The existing contributions [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ] also indicated that RC bridges subjected to the mechanisms of corrosion deterioration might be more vulnerable to earthquake hazards. Moreover, since previous studies [ 25 , 26 ] demonstrated that chloride from deicing salts can cause more degradation of bridges than that in a marine environment, the impacts of corrosion degradation due to chloride-laden deicing salts should be researched in detail.…”

Probabilistic analysis of climate change impact on chloride-induced deterioration of reinforced concrete considering Nordic climate

“…The main reason for choosing the selected models is their relative simplicity and the availability of previous studies that adopted them which facilitates the interpretation of the results in the current study. Although other deterioration mechanisms of reinforced concrete elements are possible (e.g., carbonation-induced corrosion [6,25] and biodeterioration [26,27]), chloride-induced corrosion is generally more damaging and more costly to repair [28]. Several recent studies have focused on probabilistically assessing the impact of climate change on chlorideinduced corrosion [6,7,11,25,[29][30][31].…”

“…Although other deterioration mechanisms of reinforced concrete elements are possible (e.g., carbonation-induced corrosion [6,25] and biodeterioration [26,27]), chloride-induced corrosion is generally more damaging and more costly to repair [28]. Several recent studies have focused on probabilistically assessing the impact of climate change on chlorideinduced corrosion [6,7,11,25,[29][30][31]. However, none of these studies considered Nordic climate conditions with very different climate zones depending on the location.…”