Concurrent schedules of wheel-running reinforcement: Choice between different durations of opportunity to run in rats

Belke, Terry W.

doi:10.3758/bf03192872

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…PRP duration in this study was a function of inhibitory aftereffects, and there was no evidence for a difference in excitatory stimulus effects. The absence of a difference in excitatory stimulus effects as a function of wheel-running reinforcer duration is consistent with indifference on concurrent VI schedules of wheel-running reinforcement leading to different durations of opportunities to run (Belke, 2006a).…”

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confidence: 58%

Postreinforcement Pause Duration Varies Within a Session and With a Variable Response Requirement but Not as a Function of Prior Revolutions

Belke

2011

Psychol Rec

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confidence: 58%

Postreinforcement Pause Duration Varies Within a Session and With a Variable Response Requirement but Not as a Function of Prior Revolutions

Belke

2011

Psychol Rec

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“…Is it an effect of the longer reinforcer duration, the longer PRP duration, both, or some other factor yet to be identified? With respect to the role of longer reinforcer duration, Belke's (2006) findings suggest that only the running occurring within the first few seconds of the wheel-running interval directly affects the operant. Beyond a few seconds, rats are indifferent in their choice between different reinforcer durations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Wheel running involves the expenditure rather than acquisition of calories. Additionally, unlike the case with food or water, it is unclear whether duration of access can be equated to magnitude of reinforcement (Belke 1997(Belke , 2006(Belke , 2007. However, like food, the efficacy of wheel running as a reinforcer is enhanced when food is withheld and body weight decreases (Belke 1996(Belke , 2004.…”

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confidence: 91%

Local Response Rates on Variable-Ratio Schedules of Wheel-Running Reinforcement are Relatively Invariant Compared to Sucrose

Belke

Kervin

et al. 2014

Psychol Rec

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Responding on variable-ratio (VR) schedules of wheel-running and sucrose reinforcement was assessed using a within-session procedure. Six female Long Evans rats were exposed to schedules ranging from VR 3 to VR 40 in ascending and descending order within a session with sucrose (0.1 ml of 15 % solution) and wheel-running reinforcement (30 s). Within a session, 10 reinforcers were obtained on each schedule, with a 120 s inter-component interval between schedules. Results showed that local response rates generated by sucrose were higher and that the pattern of local response rates across the schedules differed substantively between reinforcer types. With sucrose, local rates decreased linearly as the ratio requirement increased. With wheel running, local rates did not differ except to decline on the highest ratio. Postreinforcement pauses were longer with wheel-running reinforcement and longer on the highest ratio when this ratio occurred at the end of a session. In contrast, wheel-running rates were lower on the smallest ratio schedule when this schedule occurred at the beginning of a session. The implications of the marked difference in local response rates across these schedules were discussed.

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“…For example, Sherwin and Nicol (1996) demonstrated that mice are motivated to engage in wheel running, even when the cost of gaining access to a wheel is increased by requiring shallow water traverses. Not only are mice apparently willing to incur a cost to gain access to a running wheel, but also operant conditioning studies have demonstrated that both rats and mice are motivated to lever press for the opportunity to run (Belke 2006;Belke and Garland 2007 (Cagniard et al 2006;Davis et al 2008;Garland et al 2011b). The interactions of these redundant neural systems are currently poorly understood (Lenard and Berthoud 2008), but it has been demonstrated in mice (Kumar et al 2010) and humans (Cai et al 2006) that food intake and physical activity, both components of energy balance, may be governed by a similar underlying genetic architecture.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…For example, Sherwin and Nicol (1996) demonstrated that mice are motivated to engage in wheel running, even when the cost of gaining access to a wheel is increased by requiring shallow water traverses. Not only are mice apparently willing to incur a cost to gain access to a running wheel, but also operant conditioning studies have demonstrated that both rats and mice are motivated to lever press for the opportunity to run (Belke 2006;Belke and Garland 2007). In addition, selective breeding for both elevated endurance capacity in rats and elevated wheel running in mice has resulted in alterations to neurobiological pathways that appear to delay the onset of exercise-induced fatigue (rats: Foley et al 2006) and increase motivation for wheel-running behavior (mice: Rhodes et al 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

Functional Genomic Architecture of Predisposition to Voluntary Exercise in Mice: Expression QTL in the Brain

Kelly¹,

Nehrenberg²,

Hua³

et al. 2012

Genetics

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The biological basis of voluntary exercise is complex and simultaneously controlled by peripheral (ability) and central (motivation) mechanisms. The accompanying natural reward, potential addiction, and the motivation associated with exercise are hypothesized to be regulated by multiple brain regions, neurotransmitters, peptides, and hormones. We generated a large (n = 815) advanced intercross line of mice (G4) derived from a line selectively bred for increased wheel running (high runner) and the C57BL/6J inbred strain. We previously mapped multiple quantitative trait loci (QTL) that contribute to the biological control of voluntary exercise levels, body weight, and composition, as well as changes in body weight and composition in response to short-term exercise. Currently, using a subset of the G4 population (n = 244), we examined the transcriptional landscape relevant to neurobiological aspects of voluntary exercise by means of global mRNA expression profiles from brain tissue. We identified genome-wide expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) regulating variation in mRNA abundance and determined the mode of gene action and the cis- and/or trans-acting nature of each eQTL. Subsets of cis-acting eQTL, colocalizing with QTL for exercise or body composition traits, were used to identify candidate genes based on both positional and functional evidence, which were further filtered by correlational and exclusion mapping analyses. Specifically, we discuss six plausible candidate genes (Insig2, Socs2, DBY, Arrdc4, Prcp, IL15) and their potential role in the regulation of voluntary activity, body composition, and their interactions. These results develop a potential initial model of the underlying functional genomic architecture of predisposition to voluntary exercise and its effects on body weight and composition within a neurophysiological framework.

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Concurrent schedules of wheel-running reinforcement: Choice between different durations of opportunity to run in rats

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

Postreinforcement Pause Duration Varies Within a Session and With a Variable Response Requirement but Not as a Function of Prior Revolutions

Postreinforcement Pause Duration Varies Within a Session and With a Variable Response Requirement but Not as a Function of Prior Revolutions

Local Response Rates on Variable-Ratio Schedules of Wheel-Running Reinforcement are Relatively Invariant Compared to Sucrose

Functional Genomic Architecture of Predisposition to Voluntary Exercise in Mice: Expression QTL in the Brain

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