Concurrent Training in Elite Male Runners

Sedano, Silvia; Marín, Pedro J.; Cuadrado, Gonzalo; Castán, Juan Carlos Redondo

doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e318280cc26

Cited by 74 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Significant correlations between changes in RE and changes in leg stiffness following the plyometric warmup intervention were found at 8 km h −1 only. Previous research has found improved RE and increased leg stiffness following plyometric and resistance interventions (Millet et al, 2002;Spurrs et al, 2003;Moore, 2016). However, in the present study, only two participants demonstrated improvements in RE following the resistance warm-up protocol.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

A Plyometric Warm-Up Protocol Improves Running Economy in Recreational Endurance Athletes

Wei

Duncan

et al. 2020

Front. Physiol.

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This study explored the impact of two differing warm-up protocols (involving either resistance exercises or plyometric exercises) on running economy (RE) in healthy recreationally active participants. Twelve healthy university students [three males, nine females, age 20 ± 2 years, maximal oxygen uptake (38.4 ± 6.4 ml min −1 kg −1)] who performed less than 5 h per week of endurance exercise volunteered to participant in this study. All participants completed three different warm-up protocols (control, plyometric, and resistance warm-up) in a counterbalanced crossover design with trials separated by 48 h, using a Latin-square arrangement. Dependent variables measured in this study were RE at four running velocities (7, 8, 9, and 10 km h −1), maximal oxygen uptake; heart rate; respiratory exchange rate; expired ventilation; perceived race readiness; rating of perceived exertion, time to exhaustion and leg stiffness. The primary finding of this study was that the plyometric warm-up improved RE compared to the control warm-up (6.2% at 7 km h −1 , ES = 0.355, 9.1% at 8 km h −1 , ES = 0.513, 4.5% at 9 km h −1 , ES = 0.346, and 4.4% at 10 km h −1 , ES = 0.463). There was no statistically significant difference in VO 2 between control and resistance warm-up conditions at any velocity. There were also no statistically significant differences between conditions in other metabolic and pulmonary gas exchange variables; time to exhaustion; perceived race readiness and maximal oxygen uptake. However, leg stiffness increased by 20% (P = 0.039, ES = 0.90) following the plyometric warm-up and was correlated with the improved RE at a velocity of 8 km h −1 (r = 0.475, P = 0.041). No significant differences in RE were found between the control and resistance warm-up protocols. In comparison with the control warm-up protocol, an acute plyometric warm-up protocol can improve RE in healthy adults.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

A Plyometric Warm-Up Protocol Improves Running Economy in Recreational Endurance Athletes

Wei

Duncan

et al. 2020

Front. Physiol.

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“…Previous investigations have explored the use of strength/plyometric training to enhance RE in trained distance runners. The addition of lower-limb strength and/or plyometric training to endurance running programmes for ~10 weeks, has been noted to stimulate improvements in RE of 4-8% (Johnston, Timothy, Kertzer, & Vroman, 1997;Paavolainen, Hakkinen, Hamalainen, Nummela, & Rusko, 1999;Saunders et al, 2006;Sedano, Marín, Cuadrado, & Redondo, 2013). It has been speculated that such training methods promote neuromuscular adaptations, namely an increase muscle-tendon stiffness, that facilitate greater exploitation of the stretch shortening cycle (SSC), in addition to improved running mechanics (Paavolainen et al, 1999;Saunders et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The efficacy of downhill running as a method to enhance running economy in trained distance runners

Shaw

Ingham

Folland

2018

European Journal of Sport Science

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Running downhill, in comparison to running on the flat, appears to involve an exaggerated stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) due to greater impact loads and higher vertical velocity on landing, whilst also incurring a lower metabolic cost. Therefore, downhill running could facilitate higher volumes of training at higher speeds whilst performing an exaggerated SSC, potentially inducing favourable adaptations in running mechanics and running economy (RE). This investigation assessed the efficacy of a supplementary 8-week programme of downhill running as a means of enhancing RE in well-trained distance runners. Nineteen athletes completed supplementary downhill (-5% gradient; n = 10) or flat (n = 9) run training twice a week for 8 weeks within their habitual training. Participants trained at a standardised intensity based on the velocity of lactate turnpoint (vLTP), with training volume increased incrementally between weeks. Changes in energy cost of running (E) and vLTP were assessed on both flat and downhill gradients, in addition to maximal oxygen uptake (⩒O No changes in E were observed during flat running following downhill (1.22 ± 0.09 vs 1.20 ± 0.07 Kcal kg km, P = .41) or flat run training (1.21 ± 0.13 vs 1.19 ± 0.12 Kcal kg km). Moreover, no changes in E during downhill running were observed in either condition (P > .23). vLTP increased following both downhill (16.5 ± 0.7 vs 16.9 ± 0.6 km h P = .05) and flat run training (16.9 ± 0.7 vs 17.2 ± 1.0 km h, P = .05), though no differences in responses were observed between groups (P = .53). Therefore, a short programme of supplementary downhill run training does not appear to enhance RE in already well-trained individuals.

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“…The effects of strength training on running performance has been examined in a number of studies with the majority reporting improved running performance [ 1 – 6 ]. However, the literature is far from conclusive, as some studies report no beneficial effect of strength training on running performance [ 7 – 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Heavy Strength Training on Running Performance and Determinants of Running Performance in Female Endurance Athletes

Vikmoen¹,

Raastad

Seynnes

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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PurposeThe purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of adding strength training to normal endurance training on running performance and running economy in well-trained female athletes. We hypothesized that the added strength training would improve performance and running economy through altered stiffness of the muscle-tendon complex of leg extensors.MethodsNineteen female endurance athletes [maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max): 53±3 ml∙kg-1∙min-1, 5.8 h weekly endurance training] were randomly assigned to either normal endurance training (E, n = 8) or normal endurance training combined with strength training (E+S, n = 11). The strength training consisted of four leg exercises [3 x 4–10 repetition maximum (RM)], twice a week for 11 weeks. Muscle strength, 40 min all-out running distance, running performance determinants and patellar tendon stiffness were measured before and after the intervention.ResultsE+S increased 1RM in leg exercises (40 ± 15%) and maximal jumping height in counter movement jump (6 ± 6%) and squat jump (9 ± 7%, p < 0.05). This was accompanied by increased muscle fiber cross sectional area of both fiber type I (13 ± 7%) and fiber type II (31 ± 20%) in m. vastus lateralis (p < 0.05), with no change in capillary density in m. vastus lateralis or the stiffness of the patellar tendon. Neither E+S nor E changed running economy, fractional utilization of VO2max or VO2max. There were also no change in running distance during a 40 min all-out running test in neither of the groups.ConclusionAdding heavy strength training to endurance training did not affect 40 min all-out running performance or running economy compared to endurance training only.

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Concurrent Training in Elite Male Runners

Cited by 74 publications

References 36 publications

A Plyometric Warm-Up Protocol Improves Running Economy in Recreational Endurance Athletes

A Plyometric Warm-Up Protocol Improves Running Economy in Recreational Endurance Athletes

The efficacy of downhill running as a method to enhance running economy in trained distance runners

Effects of Heavy Strength Training on Running Performance and Determinants of Running Performance in Female Endurance Athletes

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