Concurrent validity and reliability of the Community Balance and Mobility scale in young-older adults

Weber, Michaela; Ancum, Jeanine M. Van; Bergquist, Ronny; Taraldsen, Kristin; Gordt, Katharina; Mikolaizak, A. Stefanie; Nerz, Corinna; Pijnappels, Mirjam; Jonkman, Nini H.; Maier, Andrea B.; Helbostad, Jorunn L.; Vereijken, Beatrix; Becker, Clemens; Schwenk, Michael

doi:10.1186/s12877-018-0845-9

Cited by 43 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(100 reference statements)

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“…The high function of our study group probably explains the inability of the FRT and TUG to differentiate between fallers and non-fallers. However, despite being high functioning, 14.8% of the people had experienced a fall within the past year, a finding which is consistent with the rate of fall previously reported in healthy and high-functioning elderly individuals (16,29). Of note, the Unstable Board Balance Test reliability discriminated between fallers and non-fallers, and this in the absence of any self-reported difficult with walking.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Usefulness of an unstable board balance test to accurately identify community-dwelling elderly individuals with a history of falls

Akizuki¹,

Echizenya²,

Kaneno³

et al. 2019

J Rehabil Med

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The aim of this study was to determine the ability of an Unstable Board Balance Test to discriminate fall history in high-functioning community-dwelling elderly people. Subjects underwent an Unstable Board Balance Test, a Functional Reach Test (FRT), Timed Up and Go (TUG) measurement, and body height and body weight measurement. The age of subjects was determined and they were asked whether they had fallen within the past year. FRT and TUG did not differ significantly between fallers and non-fallers, but the Unstable Board Balance Test did show a significant difference between groups. We found that, in high-functioning elderly subjects, the Unstable Board Balance Test was able to detect elderly people with a fall history more accurately than either FRT or TUG. Objective: To determine the usefulness of an un stable board balance test in identifying a fall history among highfunctioning communitydwelling elderly individuals. Design: Casecontrol study. Subjects: Sixtyone communitydwelling elderly aged ≥ 65 years and having the capacity to walk in dependently without an assistive device. Methods: Subjects completed 3 balance performance tests: the Unstable Board Balance Test, Functional Reach Test, and Timed Up and Go. For analysis, sub jects were classified as fallers or non-fallers based on the history of falls over the previous year, and performance outcomes were compared between the 2 groups. Subjects classified as fallers were then matched 1:1 with nonfallers (for sex, age, body weight and height), and the optimal cutoff score and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for each test were calculated. Results: Functional reach test and Timed Up and Go did not reliably discriminate between fallers and nonfallers. In contrast, the score on the unstable board balance test was significantly different bet ween the 2 groups (p = 0.040). Among all 3 tests, AUC was largest for the unstable board balance test (0.78), with superior sensitivity (0.67) and specifi city (0.87). Conclusion: For highfunctioning elderly subjects, the unstable board balance test was useful in discri minating between fallers and nonfallers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Previous studies have shown that dynamic balance tests could be more appropriate than the BBS and TUG to differentiate the risk of falls among healthy, active, elderly individuals (15,16). Thus, we developed the Unstable Board Balance Test for this purpose, anticipating that it would not be limited by the same ceiling effect of BBS or TUG in this population.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Usefulness of an unstable board balance test to accurately identify community-dwelling elderly individuals with a history of falls

Akizuki¹,

Echizenya²,

Kaneno³

et al. 2019

J Rehabil Med

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“…Functional performance was measured using Timed-Up-and-Go test [35]). The Community Balance and Mobility Scale (CBMS) was used to measure balance and mobility in 13 challenging tasks representing functional skills required for safe ambulation in relatively fit seniors [36]. Aerobic capacity was measured using the 400 m walk at a fast pace (20 times in a 20 m loop).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Adapted Lifestyle-Integrated Functional Exercise Program for Preventing Functional Decline in Young Seniors: Development and Initial Evaluation

et al. 2019

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Background: The Lifestyle-integrated Functional Exercise (LiFE) program is an intervention integrating balance and strength activities into daily life, effective at reducing falls in at-risk people ≥70 years. There is potential for LiFE to be adapted to young seniors in order to prevent age-related functional decline. Objective: We aimed to (1) develop an intervention by adapting Lifestyle-integrated Functional Exercise (aLiFE) to be more challenging and suitable for preventing functional decline in young seniors in their 60s and (2) perform an initial feasibility evaluation of the program. Pre-post changes in balance, mobility, and physical activity (PA) were also explored. Methods: Based on a conceptual framework, a multidisciplinary expert group developed an initial aLiFE version, including activities for improving strength, neuromotor performances, and PA. Proof-of-concept was evaluated in a 4-week pre-post intervention study measuring (1) feasibility including adherence, frequency of practice, adverse events, acceptability (i.e., perceived helpfulness, adaptability, level of difficulty of single activities), and safety, and (2) changes in balance/mobility (Community Balance and Mobility Scale) and PA (1 week activity monitoring). The program was refined based on the study results. Results: To test the initial aLiFE version, 31 young seniors were enrolled and 30 completed the study (mean age 66.4 ± 2.7 years, 60% women). Of a maximum possible 16 activities, participants implemented on average 12.1 ± 1.8 activities during the intervention, corresponding to mean adherence of 76%. Implemented activities were practiced 3.6–6.1 days/week and 1.8–7.8 times/day, depending on the activity type. One noninjurious fall occurred during practice, although the participant continued the intervention. The majority found the activities helpful, adaptable to individual lifestyle, appropriately difficult, and safe. CMBS score increased with medium effect size (d = 0.72, p = 0.001). Increase in daily walking time (d = 0.36) and decrease in sedentary time (d = –0.10) were nonsignificant. Refinements included further increasing the task challenge of some strength activities and defining the most preferred activities in the trainer’s manual to facilitate uptake of the program. Conclusion: aLiFE has the potential to engage young seniors in regular lifestyle-integrated activities. Effectiveness needs to be evaluated in a randomized controlled trial.

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“…The Community Balance and Mobility Scale (CBMS) has recently been identified as a valid, reliable and comprehensive performance-based assessment for measuring physical function in seniors [2,4]. It contains a range of challenging balance and physical tasks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This limits its feasibility for use in large-scale public health approaches [5], or in daily clinical practice. While difficult to administer, the CBMS can be considered a more sensitive and appropriately challenging test of gait, balance and mobility as compared to other tests more commonly used in seniors [2,4,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Advanced Balance Ability and Mobility with an Instrumented Timed Up and Go Test

Bergquist

Nerz

Taraldsen

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Extensive test batteries are often needed to obtain a comprehensive picture of a person’s functional status. Many test batteries are not suitable for active and healthy adults due to ceiling effects, or require a lot of space, time, and training. The Community Balance and Mobility Scale (CBMS) is considered a gold standard for this population, but the test is complex, as well as time- and resource intensive. There is a strong need for a faster, yet sensitive and robust test of physical function in seniors. We sought to investigate whether an instrumented Timed Up and Go (iTUG) could predict the CBMS score in 60 outpatients and healthy community-dwelling seniors, where features of the iTUG were predictive, and how the prediction of CBMS with the iTUG compared to standard clinical tests. A partial least squares regression analysis was used to identify latent components explaining variation in CBMS total score. The model with iTUG features was able to predict the CBMS total score with an accuracy of 85.2% (84.9–85.5%), while standard clinical tests predicted 82.5% (82.2–82.8%) of the score. These findings suggest that a fast and easily administered iTUG could be used to predict CBMS score, providing a valuable tool for research and clinical care.

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Concurrent validity and reliability of the Community Balance and Mobility scale in young-older adults

Cited by 43 publications

References 46 publications

Usefulness of an unstable board balance test to accurately identify community-dwelling elderly individuals with a history of falls

Usefulness of an unstable board balance test to accurately identify community-dwelling elderly individuals with a history of falls

The Adapted Lifestyle-Integrated Functional Exercise Program for Preventing Functional Decline in Young Seniors: Development and Initial Evaluation

Predicting Advanced Balance Ability and Mobility with an Instrumented Timed Up and Go Test

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