Condensed‐phase laser ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry of highly energetic nitro‐aromatic compounds

Delgado, T.; Alcántara, José F.; Vadillo, José M.; Laserna, J.J.

doi:10.1002/rcm.6624

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, this route based on the release of CN from the molecule should be clearly less signicant than route (5), based on the most favourable release of the NO 2 groups. 5 Again, the evidence provided by mass spectrometry on the presence of C + and NO + in our measurements 25 supports this alternative route.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Primary and recombined emitting species in laser-induced plasmas of organic explosives in controlled atmospheres

Delgado

Vadillo

Laserna

2014

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Primary and recombined emitting species in laser-induced plasmas of organic explosives in controlled atmospheres

Delgado

Vadillo

Laserna

2014

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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“…The influence of other reactive (O 2 ) and inert (Ar, He) background gases on the characteristic emissions of the excited molecular species in plasmas of the same phase-condensed energetic nitro compounds was also examined. 245,246 The relative intensity of CN and C 2 emissions was observed to be directly related to the gas composition, which allowed conclusions concerning the main pathways involved in the generation of such emission species to be drawn. The authors confirmed that molecular species generated in noble gases (Ar or He) atmospheres originated from both direct fragmentation and atomic recombination in the plume of ablated material.…”

Section: Effects Of Surrounding Atmospherementioning

confidence: 97%

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) of Organic Compounds: A Review

Moros

Laserna

2019

Appl Spectrosc

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Optical emission of laser-produced plasmas from solids, liquids, and gases, from their fundamentals to their potential applications, has been comprehensively reported in multiple research manuscripts, reviews, and books. There are nevertheless enough serious unanswered issues and questions still present on what at first sight seemed to be much easier, the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) of organic compounds. Ideally, for all organic molecules, one would expect homologous emission spectra, differing only in the presence or absence of signals associated to the containing elements and their intensity relative to their content. Yet, the reality is much more complex. In laser-induced plasmas of organic compounds, a broad variety of species may be formed depending on the irradiation parameters. Furthermore, there is not a uniform breakage for all the molecules constituting the ablated mass. At once, the plasma is a dynamic entity per se, which implies that the spatial distribution of each species in the source plasma is different. In addition, multiple circumstances and mechanisms may contribute to the extinction of some species and the formation of new ones. Thus, the surrounding atmosphere where the plasma evolves and the time elapsed from its formation also have a strong influence on the spectral signature gathered. In essence, any change in any of the variables involved in the cycle of an organic plasma, from those causing its formation to those governing its expansion, defines a new scenario that lead to a different LIBS spectrum for a same organic compound. The present paper reviews the common emitting species populating the laser plasmas of organic compounds, the routes to their formation, mostly those related to the production of diatomic radicals, the dynamics of such species, in space and time, and the physical parameters that they confer to the plasma. Concurrently, the influence that the structures of the molecular solids and the set of excitation variables may exert on the optical emissions observed is also discussed. Finally, some details on the modeling of organic plasmas are provided.

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“…It will populate an excited state that can either couple to a reaction pathway, resulting [19]. Many investigations have been conducted concerning the mechanism of decomposition of explosives under laser irradiation [20][21][22].…”

Section: Laser-induced Time Of Flight Mass Spectroscopy Of Typical Enmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Ablation of Energetic Materials

Shen¹,

Wu²,

Zhang³

et al. 2017

Laser Ablation - From Fundamentals to Applications

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The initiation of explosives by laser is a new initiation method. Compared with traditional initiation methods, laser initiation has the characteristics of high reliability and high safety. It can be used as one of the alternative technologies for future initiation device. A microscopic understanding of the complex physical and chemical processes involved in the reaction process is essential for laser initiation. Shock initiation technology of laser-driven flyer was studied. Several typical laser-driven flyer targets researches were introduced. Some significant characteristics including velocity and impact stress of flyers were tested via photonic Doppler velocimetry and polyvinylidene fluoride pressure sensor, respectively. Some types of flyers including Al and Cu single-layer flyers and CuO/Cu, CuO/Al, and CuO/Al/ Cu multilayer flyers with relatively high velocities were used to initiate PETN explosive. In order to give a better understanding of the mechanism of laser interaction with typical energetic materials (RDX, HMX, TNT, and HNS), a time of flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) was used to detect the positive ions and the negative ions were produced in the laser-induced dissociation processes. The influences of laser wavelength, the laser fluence, and the delay time of the decomposition process have been studied as well. The results may throw some light on the laser interaction mechanism of energetic materials.

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Condensed‐phase laser ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry of highly energetic nitro‐aromatic compounds

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Primary and recombined emitting species in laser-induced plasmas of organic explosives in controlled atmospheres

Primary and recombined emitting species in laser-induced plasmas of organic explosives in controlled atmospheres

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) of Organic Compounds: A Review

Laser Ablation of Energetic Materials

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