Condensed Tannins' Effect on White‐Tailed Deer Forage Digestibility in Mississippi

Jones, Phillip D.; Rude, Brian J.; Muir, James P.; Demarais, Stephen; Strickland, Bronson K.; Edwards, Scott L.

doi:10.2193/2009-116

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The significant effect of season on the anti-nutrient concentrations of the forage grasses and legumes observed in this study is in conformity with the report by Frutos et al (2004). Earlier reports also illustrate the effects of environmental and seasonal factors as well as of phenological development on the concentration of antinutrients in forage species (Jones et al, 2010;Pandey et al, 2011;and Onyeonagu and Ukwueze, 2012). According to Frutos et al (2004), seasonal variation clearly correlates with phenological stages of plants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Seasonal variation in the anti-nutrient and mineral components of some forage legumes and grasses

Onyeonagu¹,

Obute²,

Eze³

2013

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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This study was conducted in Nsukka, Nigeria to evaluate the effect of season of harvest (rain and dry) on the anti-nutrient and mineral components of four herbaceous legumes (Calapogonium mucunoides, Centrosema pubescens, Stylosanthes guyanensis and Pueraria phaseoloides) and four forage grasses (Panicum maximum, Pennisetum purpureum, Cynodon nlemfuensis and Andropogon gayanus). The grasses were analyzed separately from the legumes. A 2 × 4 factorial arrangement laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) was used. Species, season and their interaction significantly (P < 0.05) influenced the anti-nutrient and mineral concentrations in the forage grasses and legumes. The alkaloid, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), oxalate, phytate, saponin, tannin, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents of the grasses and legumes were significantly (P < 0.05) higher during the rainy than in the dry season. The concentrations of N, P and K varied significantly (P<0.05) among the legumes and between the grass species. C. mucunoides harvested during the rainy season significantly yielded higher percentage N compared with other legumes while P. phaseoloides harvested during the rainy season which had higher concentration of K than other legumes in any season. P. maximum harvested during the rainy season significantly produced higher N content compared with other grasses in any season while P. purpureum harvested in the rainy season significantly gave higher percentage of K and P compared with other grass species in any season.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Seasonal variation in the anti-nutrient and mineral components of some forage legumes and grasses

Onyeonagu¹,

Obute²,

Eze³

2013

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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“…, Jones et al. ). Estimates of digestible energy and protein are therefore important for understanding food selection in individuals (Felton et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not all energy and protein in a plant are available to the animal, varying, for example, with amino acid composition (Robbins et al 2005), fiber contents (Mason 1969, Besselmann 2005in Schwarm et al 2009), or secondary metabolites that bind macronutrients (Robbins et al 1987, Jones et al 2010. Estimates of digestible energy and protein are therefore important for understanding food selection in individuals (Felton et al 2009b, Ganzhorn et al 2017).…”

Section: Nutritional Strategy (1-2): Energy or Protein Maximizers?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The complexity of interacting nutritional drivers behind food selection, a review of northern cervids

Felton

Wam

Stolter³

et al. 2018

Ecosphere

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Abstract. The research literature on food selection by large herbivores is extensive. Still, we are generally lacking in our knowledge of the influence of potentially interacting chemical contents of the food. We made a qualitative review of a systematic literature search of studies that empirically link chemical contents of food to the food selection by northern cervids (genera Alces, Capreolus, Cervus, Dama, Odocoileus, Rangifer). We found that although the majority of the 98 relevant studies measuring any given food constituent (energy, protein, fiber, minerals, plant secondary metabolites) provided support for it acting as a driver of food selection (in either a negative or positive way), there was little support for the traditional hypotheses of maximization or limitation of any single constituent. Rather, because of the animals' need to acquire an appropriate intake of several constituents at the same time, our review highlights how new empirical studies need to focus on several food constituents in synchrony: (1) Study designs should capture sufficient variation in the content of food constituents in order to tease apart their many co-variations; and (2) insights about nutritional drivers may be lost if one uses only composite currencies such as crude energy, crude fiber, ash, or tannins, which may mask contrasting selection patterns of the lumped constituents. Season had an apparent influence on the selection of some food constituents, particularly various fiber fractions. In contrast, our review revealed a lack of evidence that cervids more strongly select for protein in summer than they do in winter. Our overall conclusion of the review is that interacting chemical contents of food make the nutritional value of a given food type into a varying entity. To better elucidate this variation, we need new technologies that non-invasively capture nutrient intake of free-ranging animals, across seasons.

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“…We assumed dry-matter intake of 1.36 kg/deer/ day (French et al 1956, Fowler et al 1967, Edwards et al 2004. Although secondary compounds of plants, such as condensed tannins, can reduce protein digestibility and, thus, potentially invalidate CC estimates based on unadjusted CP, deer with access to a variety of forages are unlikely to be materially affected (Hodgman et al 1996, Jones et al 2010. Given the variety of forages available in managed pines and our sites specifically (see Results), we assumed that any impact of condensed tannins was negligible and similar across treatments (Warren and Hurst 1981, Edwards et al 2004, Mixon et al 2009).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deer Carrying Capacity in Mid‐Rotation Pine Plantations of Mississippi

et al. 2010

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Herbicides, commonly used for vegetation management in intensively managed pine (Pinus spp.) forests of the southeastern United States, with and without fire, may alter availability of quality forage for white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus; deer), an economically and socially important game species in North America. Because greater forage quality yields greater deer growth and productivity and intensively managed pine forests are common in the southeastern United States, forest managers would benefit from an understanding of fire and herbicide effects on forage availability to improve habitat conditions for deer. Therefore, we evaluated independent and combined effects of fire and herbicide (i.e., imazapyr) on forage biomass and deer nutritional carrying capacity (CC) on land owned and managed by Weyerhaeuser NR Company in east‐central Mississippi, USA. We used a randomized complete block design of 6 pine plantations (blocks) divided into 4 10‐ha treatment plots to each of which we randomly assigned a treatment (burn‐only, herbicide‐only, burn + herbicide, and control). We estimated biomass (kg/ha) of moderate‐ and high‐use deer forage plants during July of 1999–2008, then estimated CC for diets to support either body maintenance (6% crude protein) or lactation (14% crude protein) with a nutritional constraints model. Herbaceous forages responded positively to fire and herbicide application. In most years, CC estimates for maintenance and lactation were greater in burn + herbicide than in controls. Maintenance‐level CC was always greater in burn + herbicide than in controls, except at 1 year posttreatment. Burn + herbicide was 2.6–8.3 times greater (x̄ = 4.0) than control for lactation‐level CC in 8 of 9 years posttreatment. We recommend fire and selective herbicides to increase high‐quality deer forage in mid‐rotation, intensively managed pine plantations.

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Condensed Tannins' Effect on White‐Tailed Deer Forage Digestibility in Mississippi

Cited by 22 publications

References 57 publications

Seasonal variation in the anti-nutrient and mineral components of some forage legumes and grasses

Seasonal variation in the anti-nutrient and mineral components of some forage legumes and grasses

The complexity of interacting nutritional drivers behind food selection, a review of northern cervids

Deer Carrying Capacity in Mid‐Rotation Pine Plantations of Mississippi

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