Conditional-firing aerosol-fluorescence spectrum analyzer for individual airborne particles with pulsed 266-nm laser excitation

Chen, Gang; Nachman, Paul; Pinnick, Ronald G.; Hill, Steven C.; Chang, Richard K.

doi:10.1364/ol.21.001307

Cited by 49 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…These can be divided into three groups. The first group includes trials and studies to design and test an instrument capable of differentiating between biological and non biological aerosols such as a Fluorescence Spectrum Analyser and an Ultraviolet Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (UVAPS) (Brosseau et al, 2000;Chen et al, 1996;Hariston et al, 1997;Hill et al, 1995;Ho et al, 1999;Kaye et al, 2000;Nachman et al, 1996;Pan et al, 2003;Pinnick et al, 1998;Pinnick et al, 1995). The second group of studies aimed at designing and testing an instrument with the capability to characterise particle composition in order to discriminate between the bioaerosols themselves (Cheng et al, 1999;Pan et al, 1999;Seaver et al, 1999;Sivaprakasam et al, 2004;Weichert et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance assessment of UVAPS: Influence of fungal spore age and air exposure

Kanaani

Hargreaves

Ristovski

et al. 2007

Journal of Aerosol Science

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This work focused on two main outcomes. The first was the assessment of the response of the Ultraviolet Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Spectrometer (UVAPS) for two different fungal spore species.The UVAPS response was investigated as a function of fungal age and the frequency of air current that their colonies exposure to. This outcome was achieved through the measurement of fungal spore fluorescent percentage and fluorescent intensity throughout a period of culturing time (three weeks), and the study of their fluorescent percentage as a function of exposure to air currents. The second objective was to investigate the change of fungal spore size during this period, which may be of use as a co-factor in this differentiation. Fungal spores were released by blowing the surface of the culture colonies with continuous filtered flow air. The UVAPS was used to detect and measure autofluorescing biomolecules such as riboflavin and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H) present in the released fungal spores.The study demonstrated an increase in aerodynamic diameter for fungal spores under investigation (Aspergillus niger and Penicillium species) over a period of time. The fluorescent percentage of spores was found to decrease for both fungal genera as they aged. It was also found that the fluorescent percentage for tested fungi decreased with frequency of air exposure. The results showed that, while the UVAPS could discriminate between Aspergillus and Penicillium species under well-controlled laboratory conditions, it is unlikely to be able to do so in the field.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance assessment of UVAPS: Influence of fungal spore age and air exposure

Kanaani

Hargreaves

Ristovski

et al. 2007

Journal of Aerosol Science

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“…Our own experience of particle fluorescence characterisation 8 , together with an analysis of some other existing fluorescence measurement systems [1][2][3][4][5] , allowed an indicative assessment of the fluence of excitation radiation that must be delivered to a typical biological particle of interest in order to produce a measurable fluorescence signal for a given solid angle of fluorescence collection (assuming isotropic emission) and a given breadth of spectral band. This established that a fluence of typically ~300 µJ/cm 2 would be required if WIBS was to achieve single particle fluorescence sensitivity.…”

Section: Dual Xenon-based Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the earliest systems, continuous wave lasers were employed (for example 1,2 ) though these were usually large and operated at wavelengths which were too long for efficient excitation of some of the important bio-fluorophores such as tryptophan for which optimal excitation occurred at wavelengths of ~260-280nm. Hence the use of solid-state lasers employing harmonic generation, such as frequency quadrupled Nd-YAG lasers, has gained acceptance (for example 3,4,5 ), both for the output wavelength of 266nm and because they offered a smaller form-factor than continuous-wave gas lasers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A low-cost multichannel aerosol fluorescence sensor for networked deployment

et al. 2004

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We describe a low-cost prototype bio-aerosol fluorescence sensor designed for unattended deployment in medium to large area networks. The sensor uses two compact xenon flash units to excite fluorescence in an aerosol sample volume drawn continuously from the ambient environment. In operation, the xenons are pulsed alternately at 300ms intervals whilst absorption filters restrict their radiation output to UV bands ~260-290nm and ~340-380nm respectively, optimal for exciting the biological fluorophores tryptophan and NADH. Fluorescence from all particles instantaneously present within a sensing volume is measured using two miniature photomultiplier detectors optically filtered to detect radiation in the bands ~320-600nm and ~410-600nm. The second of these bands covers the principal emission from NADH, whilst the difference between the first and second detector channels yields fluorescence in the 320-410nm band, covering much of the tryptophan emission. Whilst each sensor is clearly limited in specificity, the low sensor cost (<$5k) offers potential for the deployment in large networks that would be prohibitively expensive using particle fluorescence sensors based on currently available UV lasers. Preliminary details are also given of a variant of the sensor, currently under development, in which xenon illumination is used to acquire single particle fluorescence data at rates of up to 200 particles per second.

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“…Recently, more capable techniques to measure the LIF spectra of single aerosol particles were developed Nachman et al 1996;Chen et al 1996;Pinnick et al 1998;Cheng et al 1999;Hill et al 1999) in order to obtain better aerosol classification. In these investigations the emphasis was on detecting biological aerosols using both cw and pulsed laser sources with wavelengths ranging from 263 nm to 488 nm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Particle Fluorescence Spectrometer for Ambient Aerosols

Pan

Hartings

Pinnick

et al. 2003

Aerosol Science and Technology

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109

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A fluorescence particle spectrometer (FPS) for real-time measurement of the fluorescence spectra of aerosol particles in the size range 1-10 µm diameter is reported. The prototype FPS has a sufficiently high sample rate (from 5 to 28 l/min for 3.5 µm to 11 µm diameter particles) to measure aerosol within buildings at practical rates (from 1 up to 600 particle fluorescence spectra per minute). Previously reported bioaerosol prototype detectors for measurement of single particle spectra (Pan et al., Opt. Lett., 24, 116-118 (1999); Hill et al., Field Anal. Chem. Tech., 3, 221-239 (1999)) were unable to sample the ambient environment; air containing particles had to be forced under pressure into a sample cell. In addition, sample rates were so small (less than 0.01 l/min) as to be impractical for most applications. The present design overcomes these deficiencies by the use of an airtight cell that highly concentrates micrometer-sized particles. A virtual impactor first concentrates aerosol particles, which are then drawn under negative pressure through an aerodynamic focusing nozzle in the inlet of the instrument, through the sample region, providing further concentration. The rate of particle spectra measured by the FPS increases significantly when the particle inlet is within a few meters of some common sources of indoor biological particles, e.g., a person coughing, sneezing, or rubbing his skin, or the presence of a dog. The spectra obtained have a variety of spectral shapes. The FPS may be useful in a variety of areas, e.g., in studying and monitoring airborne particles that cause diseases or allergies.

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Conditional-firing aerosol-fluorescence spectrum analyzer for individual airborne particles with pulsed 266-nm laser excitation

Cited by 49 publications

References 5 publications

Performance assessment of UVAPS: Influence of fungal spore age and air exposure

Performance assessment of UVAPS: Influence of fungal spore age and air exposure

A low-cost multichannel aerosol fluorescence sensor for networked deployment

Single-Particle Fluorescence Spectrometer for Ambient Aerosols

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