Conditioned diminution of the unconditioned response in rabbit eyeblink conditioning: Identifying neural substrates in the cerebellum and brainstem.

Canli, Turhan; Donegan, Nelson H.

doi:10.1037/0735-7044.109.5.874

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Because shock conditions fear proportional to its painfulness, an analgesic CR would undermine the reinforcing effectiveness of the US. Such a finding is also consistent with the reduction in the UR that frequently accompanies conditioning (Fanselow 1984;Canli and Donegan 1995). Additionally, pharmacological antagonism of endogenous opioids prevents error correction (Fanselow 1986a).…”

Section: The Rescorla-wagner Modelsupporting

confidence: 71%

The Origins and Organization of Vertebrate Pavlovian Conditioning

Fanselow

Wassum

2015

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

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Pavlovian conditioning is the process by which we learn relationships between stimuli and thus constitutes a basic building block for how the brain constructs representations of the world. We first review the major concepts of Pavlovian conditioning and point out many of the pervasive misunderstandings about just what conditioning is. This brings us to a modern redefinition of conditioning as the process whereby experience with a conditional relationship between stimuli bestows these stimuli with the ability to promote adaptive behavior patterns that did not occur before the experience. Working from this framework, we provide an in-depth analysis of two examples, fear conditioning and food-based appetitive conditioning, which include a description of the only partially overlapping neural circuitry of each. We also describe how these circuits promote the basic characteristics that define Pavlovian conditioning, such as error-correction-driven regulation of learning.

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Section: The Rescorla-wagner Modelsupporting

confidence: 71%

The Origins and Organization of Vertebrate Pavlovian Conditioning

Fanselow

Wassum

2015

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

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“…In contrast to the anticipatory response, the response to the threat is an innate and automatic reaction that does not require learning. However, as described above, learning-related changes in the response to threat frequently develop during conditioning (Canli, Detmer, & Donegan, 1992; Canli & Donegan, 1995; Domjan, 2005; Dunsmoor et al, 2008; Knight et al, 2011; Knight et al, 2010; Wood, Kuykendall, Ver Hoef, & Knight, 2013; Wood, Ver Hoef, & Knight, 2012). Conditioned diminution of the emotional response to threat is a reduction in the emotional response to a threat that is predictable (e.g., preceded by the warning signal) compared to a threat that is unpredictable (e.g., presented alone or preceded by a safety signal).…”

Section: Conditioned Diminution Of the Emotional Response To Threatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pavlovian conditioned diminution of the neurobehavioral response to threat

Goodman

Harnett

Knight

2018

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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An important function of emotion is that it motivates us to respond more effectively to threats in our environment. Accordingly, healthy emotional function depends on the ability to appropriately avoid, escape, or defend against threats we encounter. Thus, from a functional perspective, it is important to understand the emotional response to threat. However, prior work has largely focused on the emotional response in anticipation of threat, rather than the emotional response to the threat itself. The current review is focused on recent behavioral, psychophysiological, and neural findings from Pavlovian conditioning research that is centered on the expression and regulation of the emotional response to threat. The current evidence suggests that a neural network that includes the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala underlies learning, expression, and regulation processes that modulate emotional responses to threat. This line of research has important implications for our understanding of emotion regulation and stress resilience.

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“…In contrast to CRs, the unconditioned response (UCR) produced by the UCS is typically considered an unlearned response that is reflexively expressed. However, learning-related changes in the magnitude of the UCR have been observed in prior conditioning research (Baxter, 1966;Canli & Donegan, 1995;Dunsmoor, Bandettini, & Knight, 2008;Knight, Waters, King, & Bandettini, 2010;Rust, 1976). This prior work has demonstrated that UCR amplitude can be enhanced or attenuated (see Domjan, 2005, for review).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This prior work has demonstrated that UCR amplitude can be enhanced or attenuated (see Domjan, 2005, for review). For example, an enhanced response is observed during fear-potentiated startle (Cook, Davis, Hawk, Spence, & Gautier, 1992; Grillon, Ameli, Woods, Merikangas, & Davis, 1991; Vrana, Spence, & Lang, 1988), whereas eyeblink and skin conductance response (SCR) conditioning studies have typically observed an attenuation of the UCR (Baxter, 1966; Canli & Donegan, 1995; Dunsmoor et al, 2008; Kimmel, 1967; Knight et al, 2010; Rust, 1976). This conditioned attenuation of the UCR is often referred to as UCR diminution.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditioned diminution of the unconditioned skin conductance response.

Knight¹,

Lewis²,

Wood³

2011

Behavioral Neuroscience

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During Pavlovian conditioning the expression of a conditioned response typically serves as evidence that an association between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) has been learned. However, learning-related changes in the unconditioned response (UCR) produced by a predictable UCS can also develop. In the present study, we investigated learning-related reductions in the magnitude of the unconditioned skin conductance response (SCR). Healthy volunteers participated in a differential conditioning study in which one tone (CS+) was paired with a loud white-noise UCS and a second tone (CS-) was presented alone. In addition, probe trials that consisted of UCS presentations paired with the CS+ (CS + UCS) and CS- (CS - UCS), as well as presentations of the UCS alone were included to assess UCR diminution. SCR and participants' expectations of UCS presentation were monitored during conditioning. Greater diminution of the UCR was observed to the UCS when it followed the CS+ compared to when it followed the CS- or was presented alone. Further, UCR amplitude showed an inverse relationship with the participants' ratings of UCS expectancy. However, conditioned UCR diminution was also observed independent of differential UCS expectancies. Our findings demonstrate conditioned diminution of the unconditioned SCR. Further, these findings suggest that although UCR amplitude is modified by conscious expectations of the UCS, conditioned diminution of the UCR can be expressed independent of learning-related changes in these expectations.

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Conditioned diminution of the unconditioned response in rabbit eyeblink conditioning: Identifying neural substrates in the cerebellum and brainstem.

Cited by 7 publications

References 69 publications

The Origins and Organization of Vertebrate Pavlovian Conditioning

The Origins and Organization of Vertebrate Pavlovian Conditioning

Pavlovian conditioned diminution of the neurobehavioral response to threat

Conditioned diminution of the unconditioned skin conductance response.

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