Conditioning in the horseshoe crab.

Smith, James C.; Baker, Howard D.

doi:10.1037/h0047896

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The heliotropic effect is the attraction of all living systems toward positive energy and away from negative energy, or toward that which is life-giving and away from that which is lifedepleting (Smith and Baker 1960;D'Amato and Jagoda 1962;Mrosovsky and Kingsmill 1985). In nature, this is exemplified by light from the sun.…”

Section: Amplification Assumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responsible Leadership as Virtuous Leadership

2011

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Section: Amplification Assumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responsible Leadership as Virtuous Leadership

2011

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“…That is, positivity possesses attributes consistent with heliotropism (Drexelius, 1627(Drexelius, /1862. Heliotropism is defined as the tendency in all living systems toward positive energy and away from negative energy-or toward that which is life giving and away from that which is life depleting (e.g., D 'Amato & Jagoda, 1962;Mrosovsky & Kingsmill, 1985;Smith & Baker, 1960). In nature, positive energy is most often experienced in the form of sunlight, but it may occur in other forms as well (e.g., interpersonal kindness; Dutton, 2003;Erhard-Seibold, 1937).…”

Section: The Connotations Of Positivementioning

confidence: 99%

Paradox in Positive Organizational Change

Cameron

2008

The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science

154

124

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Positive organizational change is a paradox. On one hand, natural human inclinations toward the positive and heliotropic tendencies foster a proclivity toward positive change in human systems. On the other hand, human beings react more strongly to negative than to positive stimuli, so the presence of negative events overshadows positive events. Paradoxically, both tendencies—toward the positive and in response to the negative— are important enablers of positive change, but because the negative usually dominates, positive factors have to be given extra emphasis for positive change to occur. The concept of “positive” has created a great deal of controversy and confusion in organizational studies, spawning critics as well as promoters. The major connotations of this concept in organizational scholarship are clarified, and a way to reconcile the paradox of positive change is proposed. New investigations of positive organizational change are introduced that address various aspects of the positive change paradox.

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“…The basis of evolution is heliotropic, that organisms persist to the extent that they acquire life-giving resources, processes, and attributes (Smith, 2005). Experiments with a range of life forms, from bacteria to mammals, find that living organisms possess an inclination toward heliotropism (e.g., Smith & Baker, 1960;D'Amato & Jagoda, 1962;Mrosovsky & Kingsmill, 1985). Photosynthesis-the molecular process of using the sun's energy to create oxygen and biological energy-also illustrates the relationship between positive energy, in the form of light, and life-giving processes (Blankenship, 2002).…”

Section: Assumptions Inherent In Positive Organizational Scholarshipmentioning

confidence: 99%