Conditioning of human salivary flow using a visual cue for sour candy

Kershaw, Jonathan; Running, Cordelia A.

doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.05.010

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This could be due to the gustatory stimulation of the salivary flow by the tested foams and spray. A number of studies have suggested that salivation might be conditioned to sensory stimulation [90,91]. Additionally, the oral care products used in our study may provide beneficial effects in patients frequently consuming soft drinks due to their compositions and properties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

The Effect of Oral Care Foams and a Spray on Salivary pH Changes after Exposure to Acidic Beverages in Young Adults

Polyakova,

Egiazaryan,

Doroshina

et al. 2024

Dentistry Journal

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Soft drinks may have a deleterious effect on dental health due to a high titratable acidity and a low pH that could be sufficient to induce tooth demineralization. The use of oral care products immediately after acidic challenge may diminish the erosive potential of soft drinks. We assessed the effect of oral care foams and a spray on salivary pH changes after exposure to Coca-Cola® in young adults. Thirty-three consenting eligible patients were recruited in this double-blind, randomized, crossover study performed in six visits. Baseline examination included unstimulated salivary flow rate, stimulated salivary buffer capacity, and the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) assessment. Salivary pH and time for pH recovery were registered after exposure to Coca-Cola® alone or that followed by the application of each of the studied products (an oral foam containing hydroxyapatite and probiotics, an oral foam containing amino fluoride, an alkaline oral spray, and tap water). Thirty-two patients completed the entire study protocol and were included in the final analysis. The mean minimum salivary pH and the mean oral clearance rate after rinsing with Coca-Cola® were 6.3 and 27 min, respectively. Further rinsing with any one of the tested solutions, including tap water, resulted in a significant improvement in these parameters. When the pH curves were plotted, the oral care products demonstrated a lower area under the curve that differed significantly from the area under the curve for Coca-Cola®; tap water did not differ significantly from Coca-Cola® and oral care products. Minimum salivary pH correlated positively with salivary buffer capacity and salivation rate, while salivary clearance correlated with OHI-S plaque scores. In conclusion, the effect of oral care foams and a spray on minimum salivary pH and salivary clearance after exposure to Coca-Cola® did not differ significantly among the tested products and tap water. Trial registration NCT06148662. Funding: none.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

The Effect of Oral Care Foams and a Spray on Salivary pH Changes after Exposure to Acidic Beverages in Young Adults

Polyakova,

Egiazaryan,

Doroshina

et al. 2024

Dentistry Journal

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“…Pits and fissures are deep depressions in the tooth and present a variety of irregular shapes, among which the types I, IK, and inverted Y account for more than 50%. [27][28][29] These structures provide stagnation sites for both biofilm and cariogenic substrates. [30,31] Cariogenic substances produce acid over time, leading to demineralization and eventually resulting in caries.…”

Section: The Penetration Properties Of the Lyso-peg Emulsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[55][56][57] Therefore, this fact might indicate that lyso-PEG can effectively induce the formation of a remineralization layer under sufficient saliva flow, an adequate ion supply, and suitable pH conditions. [29,58]…”

Section: Animal Experiments Showing the Feasibility And Safety Of Lys...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Amyloid‐Mediated Remineralization in Pit and Fissure for Caries Preventive Therapy

Yang

Guo

et al. 2022

Adv Healthcare Materials

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The pits and fissures of teeth have high caries susceptibility, and sealing these areas is considered as an effective method to prevent caries. However, long-term caries prophylaxis cannot be maintained because of the negative effects derived from the technical sensitivity and disadvantages of sealing materials. Herein, a new strategy is proposed to occlude fossae by amyloid-mediated biomimetic remineralization. In contrast to conventional inward blocking from the outside of fossae, amyloid-mediated biomimetic mineralization delivers an amyloid-like protein nanofilm into the deepest zone of the fossae and induces the formation of remineralized enamel inside. Such assembly from lysozyme conjugated with poly (ethylene glycol) enriches the interface with strongly bonded ionsand directs in situ nucleation to achieve enamel epitaxial growth. Not only is the structure of the enamel-like crystalline hydroxyapatite layer but also its mechanical stability is similar to that of natural enamel. Furthermore, the layer shows good biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. On the basis of the findings, it is demonstrated that amyloid-like protein aggregation may provide an enamel remineralization strategy to modify the current clinically available methods of pit and fissure sealing and shows great promise in preventing caries.

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“…Although some research suggests that salivation might not be conditioned to sensory cues (Lashley, 1916b) but mainly produced by muscle movements (Carpenter, 2013;Ilangakoon & Carpenter, 2011), others have shown that salivary responses could be conditioned (Hayashi, 1968;Holland & Matthews, 1970;Kershaw & Running, 2018;White, 1978). Moreover, research has demonstrated that salivation increases upon (multi)sensory exposure to various foods as an anticipatory response Keesman, Aarts, Vermeent, Häfner, & Papies, 2016;Klajner, Herman, Polivy, & Chhabra, 1981;Lee & Linden, 1992a;Pangborn, 1968;Pangborn, Witherly, & Jones, 1979;Proserpio, de Graaf, Laureati, Pagliarini, & Boesveldt, 2017;Rogers & Hill, 1989;Sahakian, Lean, Robbins, & James, 1981;Shannon, 1974;Wooley & Wooley, 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the nose know? : Physiological and behavioural responses upon food odours

Campos¹

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The food that we choose and eat consists mainly of a mix of macronutrients. Macronutrients -carbohydrates, protein, and fats -are fundamental to preserve the structure and functions of the body, providing it with the needed energy (Hofheins, 2007). Each macronutrient has exclusive chemical and physical properties, nutritional value, and function, and are present in specific foods (Hofheins, 2007;Velíšek, 2014).Carbohydrates are based on monosaccharides connected to each other by glycosidic linkages to form di-, oligo-, and polysaccharides. Its conformation depends on the type of linkages and number of monosaccharides bonded together, offering a large variety of chemical and physical properties (Belitz, Grosch, & Schieberle, 2009; Damodaran, Parkin, & Fennema, 2007). They are the energy fuel of the body, essential to the brain. The main sources of carbohydrates are fruits, vegetables, and grains (Hofheins, 2007). Digestion of carbohydrates starts in the oral cavity with the activity of the salivary α-amylase (Bender, 2014). The salivary α-amylase is an endoglycohydrolase secreted by the parotid gland that breaks the α1→4 glycosidic bonds of polysaccharides into maltose, dextrin, and oligosaccharides (Levine, 2010;Mattes, 2000;Robyt & French, 1970). Some studies have shown a higher release of α-amylase from the parotid gland after a sucrose solution compared to other taste solutions (starch > sodium chloride > citric acid) (Froehlich, Pangborn, & Whitaker, 1987) and after mastication of bread (high-in-starch food) compared to other products (non-food products as parafilm and low-in-starch food as celery) (Mackie & Pangborn, 1990). This suggests that salivary α-amylase may specifically facilitate the digestion of carbohydrates. Furthermore, pancreatic amylase is secreted into the small intestine to continue the digestion of the starch. Hydrolysis of the disaccharides occurs in the brush border of the intestinal mucosa by disaccharidases (Bender, 2014). Additionally, an increase of the hormone insulin has been shown upon modified sham feeding of food rich in carbohydrates compared to sweet-tasting solutions such as aspartame, saccharin, and sucrose (Teff, Devine, & Engelman, 1995), or to food rich in other macronutrients (Zhu, Hsu, & Hollis, 2014).The building blocks of proteins are amino acids bonded through amide linkages. Depending on the amino acid sequence and interactions, the structure of the proteins could vary (primary to quaternary) and this determines its functional properties (

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Conditioning of human salivary flow using a visual cue for sour candy

Abstract: We demonstrate classical conditioning of human salivary flow is achievable, but the effect may not persist to a second visit.

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

The Effect of Oral Care Foams and a Spray on Salivary pH Changes after Exposure to Acidic Beverages in Young Adults

The Effect of Oral Care Foams and a Spray on Salivary pH Changes after Exposure to Acidic Beverages in Young Adults

Amyloid‐Mediated Remineralization in Pit and Fissure for Caries Preventive Therapy

Does the nose know? : Physiological and behavioural responses upon food odours

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