Conducting Polymer‐Based Solid‐State Ion‐Selective Electrodes

Bobacka, Johan

doi:10.1002/elan.200503384

Cited by 385 publications

(341 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…119,120 The fact that different properties change simultaneously driven by the same reaction (current) envisages the development of a unexpected world of new soft devices each including different tools actuating simultaneously: artificial muscles changing its color, storing a fraction of the charge (battery), keeping structural memory and sensing the working conditions during actuation. 6,81,108 New intelligent devices and tools are being developed.…”

Section: Multifunctional and Biomimetic Electrochemical Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic Conducting Polymers: Synthesis, Materials, Properties, Functions, and Devices

Otero

2013

Polymer Reviews

131

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Electro-generations of conducting polymers are fast processes through a complex mechanism of parallel reactions giving mixed materials. The films are three-dimensional electrochemical reactors: reactive macromolecules, ions, and solvent. The film composition and its related properties reviewed here change by oxidation/reduction along several orders of magnitude under control. One reaction shifts different properties (multifunctionality). In one device several reaction driven tools, actuators and sensor, work simultaneously (full integration

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Section: Multifunctional and Biomimetic Electrochemical Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic Conducting Polymers: Synthesis, Materials, Properties, Functions, and Devices

Otero

2013

Polymer Reviews

131

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“…The mainstream of the SCISE research is based on electrically conducting polymers (ECPs) [34][35][36] , large surface area carbon materials 32,[37][38][39][40] and their (nano)composites [41][42][43] , but also many other important types of SC materials have been reported such as redox polymers 44 , electronion exchange resins 45 , redox-active self-assembled monolayers 32 , tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate anion doped nanocluster films 46 , nanoporous Au films 47 , and threedimensional molybdenum sulfide nanoflowers. 48 SCISEs with adequate potential stability were reported for both the ECP and carbon materials, but the use of large surface area inert carbon materials apparently results in better potential stabilities and less susceptibility to environmental conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pre-Polarized Hydrophobic Conducting Polymer Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes with Improved Potential Reproducibility

Papp

Lindfors

et al. 2017

Anal. Chem.

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Electrically conducting polymers (ECPs) are one of the most popular types of materials to interface ion-selective membranes (ISMs) with electron conducting substrates to construct solid contact ion-selective electrodes (SCISEs). For optimal ion-to-electron transduction and potential stability, the p-doped ECPs with low oxidation potentials such as PPy need to be generally in their conducting form along with providing a sufficiently hydrophobic interface to counteract the aqueous layer formation. The first criterion requires that the ECPs are in their oxidized state, but the high charge density of this state is detrimental for the prevention of the aqueous layer formation. We offer here a solution to this paradox by implementing a highly hydrophobic perfluorinated anion (perfluorooctane sulfonate, PFOS -) as doping ion by 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 2 which the oxidized form of the ECP becomes hydrophobic. The proof of concept is shown by using polypyrrole (PPy) films doped with PFOS -(PPy-PFOS) as the solid contact in K + -selective SCISEs (K + -SCISE). Prior to applying the plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) ISM, the oxidation state of the electrodeposited PPy-PFOS was adjusted by polarization to the known open circuit potential of the solid contact in 0.1 M KCl. We show that the pre-polarization results in a hydrophobic PPy-PFOS film with a water contact angle of 97±5º, which effectively prevents the aqueous layer formation under the ISM. Under optimal conditions the K + -SCISEs had a very low standard deviation of E 0 of only 501.0±0.7 mV that is the best E 0 reproducibility reported for ECP-based SCISEs.

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“…Furthermore, it is one of the most studied conductive polymers and it has been used in both reference electrodes [14,15] and other sensor applications [9]. In this research, we have evaluated the performance of RE, Pb 2+ -and pHselective ISEs individually, and in an integrated sensor platform for the determination of speciation of lead in water samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…a mediating layer between the electronically conducting substrate and ionically conducting ISE membrane, which was possible due to the mixed conductivity of CPs [21]. Various conductive polymers have been examined as possible internal contact materials that could simultaneously stabilize the overall electrode potential and remove the need for an inner filling solution [9][10][11]. This application of CPs was supported by fundamental theoretical interpretation of signal formation by Lewenstam at al [28] and, in particular, a deeper understanding of the instabilities of solid-contact sensors as provided by Fibbioli and co-authors [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of miniature all-solid-state potentiometric sensing system

Anastasova-Ivanova

Mattinen

Radu

et al. 2010

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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A procedure for development of a pen-like, multi-electrode potentiometric sensing platform is described. The platform comprises a seven-in-one electrode incorporating all-solid state ion-selective and reference electrodes based on the conductive polymer (poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)) as an intermediate layer between the contacts and ionselective membranes. The ion-selective electrodes are based on traditional, ionophore-based membranes, while the reference electrode is based on a polymer membrane doped with the lipophilic salt tetrabutyl ammonium tetrabutyl borate (TBA-TBB). The electrodes, controlled with a multichannel detector system, were used for simultaneous determination of the concentration of Pb 2+ and pH in environmental water samples. The results obtained using pH-selective electrodes were compared with data obtained using a conventional pH meter and the average percent difference was 0.3 %. Furthermore, the sensing system was successfully used for lead speciation analysis in environmental water samples.

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Conducting Polymer‐Based Solid‐State Ion‐Selective Electrodes

Cited by 385 publications

References 113 publications

Biomimetic Conducting Polymers: Synthesis, Materials, Properties, Functions, and Devices

Biomimetic Conducting Polymers: Synthesis, Materials, Properties, Functions, and Devices

Pre-Polarized Hydrophobic Conducting Polymer Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes with Improved Potential Reproducibility

Development of miniature all-solid-state potentiometric sensing system

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