Conducting Polymers as Anode Buffer Materials in Organic and Perovskite Optoelectronics

Abstract

This review focuses on the importance and the key functions of anode interfacial layers based on conducting polymers in organic and organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite optoelectronics. Insertion of a buffer layer between electrode and semiconducting layers is the most common and effective way to control interfacial properties and eventually improve device characteristics, such as luminous efficiency in light‐emitting diodes and power conversion efficiency in solar cells. Conducting polymers are considered as one of the most promising materials for future organic and organic–inorganic hybrid electronics because of advantages such as a simple film‐forming process and ease of tailoring electrical and physical properties; as a result, using these polymers is compatible with the production of large‐area, low‐cost, and solution‐processed flexible optoelectronic devices. This review introduces the limitations of anode buffer layers based on conducting polymers and then we will provide recent research trends of material engineering to overcome these problems.

Freeze‐drying and mechanical redispersion of aqueous PEDOT:PSS

“…16 In the initial market, they have been applied in solid electrolyte capacitors, antistatic coating, through-hole plating, hole injection layer for OLED lighting, ITO substitution and other practical applications. [17][18][19] In addition, due to high transparency, the intrinsic flexible, self-healing, 20 and biocompatibility feature, 21 PEDOT:PSS is expected to develop emerging scientific fields such as thermoelectric conversion, 22 sensors, 23 and skin-inspired soft electronics, 24 but technological breakthroughs are still required.…”

Solution-Processed PEDOT:PSS/MoS2 Nanocomposites as Efficient Hole-Transporting Layers for Organic Solar Cells

“…Until now, many hole-transporting layer (HTL) materials, such as conducting conjugated polymers [8,9,10], conjugated polyelectrolytes [11,12] metal oxides/sulfides [13,14,15,16,17], and graphene oxide and its hybrid films [18,19,20,21], have been explored for use in OSCs. Among them, the conjugated polymer poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has been the most widely used due to its adequate work function for creating a good ohmic contact between active layer and anode, solution processability, and high conductivity.…”

Progress in Scalable Coating and Roll‐to‐Roll Compatible Printing Processes of Perovskite Solar Cells toward Realization of Commercialization

“…Therefore, the perovskite bandgap is strongly dependent on the halide compositions and widely tunable in the range of 1.5–2.3 eV by mixing bromide into the iodide anion portion in perovskite, such as MAPb(I 1− x Br x ) 3 . The bandgap engineering is not only useful in PeSCs but also suitable for colorful perovskite light‐emitting devices …”