“…The cylinder heat source (Ingersoll et al, 1954) and line heat source (Carslaw and Jaeger, 1959) model for BHE with parameter-estimating techniques are commonly applied in Europe (Claesson and Eskilson, 1988;Gehlin and Hellström, 2003;Sanner et al, 2005;Witte et al, 2002) and North America (Austin, 1998;Beier and Smith, 2002;Beier, 2008;Shonder and Beck, 2000). Kelvin's ILS model is among the most widely used models for evaluation of response test data at sufficiently large times because of the fact that the TRT was actually devised on the basis of ILS theory (Ingersoll et al, 1954;Mogensen, 1983).…”