2023
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04807-3
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Conductive vial electromembrane extraction of opioids from oral fluid

Abstract: The use of oral fluid as sample matrix has gained significance in the analysis of drugs of abuse due to its non-invasive nature. In this study, the 13 opioids morphine, oxycodone, codeine, O-desmethyl tramadol, ethylmorphine, tramadol, pethidine, ketobemidone, buprenorphine, fentanyl, cyclopropylfentanyl, etonitazepyne, and methadone were extracted from oral fluid using electromembrane extraction based on conductive vials prior to analysis with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrome… Show more

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Cited by 9 publications
(2 citation statements)
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“…First, the stability and performance of 1-octanol with plasma samples was attempted improved by mixing it 1:1 (weight ratio) with 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE), based on previous reports [21,22,34]. However, this did not improve the stability.…”
Section: Screening For Alternative Liquid Membranesmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…First, the stability and performance of 1-octanol with plasma samples was attempted improved by mixing it 1:1 (weight ratio) with 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE), based on previous reports [21,22,34]. However, this did not improve the stability.…”
Section: Screening For Alternative Liquid Membranesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In 2022, the first commercial EME equipment was however launched, based on using conductive vials to house the sample and acceptor solution [19]. Since then, this vial-based format has been applied for EME in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) [12,20] and analysis of drugs-ofabuse [21,22].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%