Cone-beam computerized tomography imaging and analysis of the upper airway: a systematic review of the literature

Guijarro‐Martínez, Raquel; Swennen, G.

doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2011.06.017

Cited by 228 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(273 reference statements)

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“…Recently, three-dimensional imaging has progressively become a more accessible tool, and some investigations have used it in the assessment of the pediatric upper airway. 22,28 However, because the current gold standard in otorhinolaryngology used to evaluate adenoid hypertrophy and upper airway obstruction is flexible nasoendoscopy, 19 this method was chosen for our comparisons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of subjective, linear, ratio and area cephalometric measurements in assessing adenoid hypertrophy among different age groups

Souki

Franco

et al. 2012

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To test the validity of four different types of lateral cephalometric radiograph (LCR) measurements as a diagnostic test of adenoid hypertrophy in different age groups of mouthbreathing children. Materials and Methods: Eighty-six mouth-breathing children (male 54.65%, mean age 7.0 6 2.2 years) were randomly selected from a hospital population. Adenoid obstruction of the nasopharynx was evaluated by subjective, linear, ratio, and area LCR measurements. Each measurement was compared with flexible fiberoptic endoscopy diagnosis. Results: Kendall correlation coefficients for agreement between tests were $ 0.67 and kappa scores were substantial ($ 0.64). Higher correlation coefficients and agreement values were found in older age groups. When the sample was stratified by age, the 3-to 5-year-old age group showed lower correlation coefficients and agreement strength for subjective, linear, and ratio measurements. The sensitivity of LCR varied from 71% (ratio) to 84% (linear). The specificity varied from 83% (linear) to 97% (ratio). The positive predictive value varied from 88% (linear) to 97% (ratio). The negative predictive value varied from 70% (ratio) to 78% (linear). The validity of each measure was different among the age groups. Conclusions: LCR is a valid method for measuring adenoid hypertrophy in children from 6 to 12 years old. The diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy, based on LCR measurements, in children with primary dentition (3-5 years old) should be made with caution. The combination of linear and ratio LCR measurements is a reliable screening tool to determine the need for an ear, nose, and throat evaluation. (Angle Orthod. 2012;82:1001-1007

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of subjective, linear, ratio and area cephalometric measurements in assessing adenoid hypertrophy among different age groups

Souki

Franco

et al. 2012

The Angle Orthodontist

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“…Computed tomography is one of the best methods for evaluating 3D structures of the UA and facial skeleton [15][16][17] . Among its advantages is the evaluation of the regions in the coronal, axial, and sagittal planes; the visualization of soft and hard tissues; and the possibility of segmentation for volumetric analysis 8,[11][12][13] . However, image acquisition in both methods may be impaired due to the position of the head and tongue, breathing, and time necessary for the scanning procedure 8,18,19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the examination of the airways by radiographs has limitations because only basic and permeability measurements can be visualized, and specifically, the size and shape of the UAs can be changed by the head and patient position 7,8 . Computed tomography is the gold standard of examination to visualize the facial skeleton and airspace structures, allowing the measurement of the size and volume of UA and location of the narrowing areas 9,10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volumetric and cephalometric evaluation of the upper airway of class III patients submitted to maxillary advancement

Santiago

Moura

Gabrielli

et al. 2016

Rev. odontol. UNESP

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ResumoIntrodução: A deficiência anteroposterior da maxila pode estar associada com a diminuição do volume da via aérea superior. O avanço de maxila por resultar em um aumento do espaço aéreo superior. Objetivo: Correlacionar mensurações cefalométricas (2D) e volumétricas (3D) da via aérea superior em pacientes classe III tratados por meio de avanço maxilar. Material e método: Este estudo retrospectivo transversal foi realizado em dez pacientes adultos submetidos ao avanço de maxila para correção de deficiência anteroposterior de maxila e deformidade classe III. Foram incluídos os dados de tomografias computadorizadas Cone beam em dois períodos: pré-operatório (T1) e pós-operatório de 6 a 8 meses (T2). Os arquivos DICOM foram importados e reconstruídos para avaliação volumétrica e cefalométrica da via aérea superior, dividida em nasofaringe, orofaringe e hipofaringe (Arnett & Gunson FAB Surgery). Resultado: A idade variou de 26 a 55 anos, com média de 36,3±9,2 anos. Não foram verificadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes para os parâmetros cefalométricos e volumétricos das três regiões da faringe entre os períodos T1 e T2. Este resultado ocorreu devido à pequena quantidade de avanço maxilar (4,7±1,89mm) necessário para a correção da deformidade na amostra. A correlação entre área e volume não foi estatisticamente significante apenas para as mensurações pré-operatórias da nasofaringe (r=0,30; p=0,40). Nas outras regiões e períodos a correlação foi estatisticamente significante (p<0,05). Conclusão: Avanços maxilares de pequenas dimensões não resultam em um aumento significativo das dimensões da via aérea superior.Descritores: Cirurgia ortognática; remodelação das vias aéreas; maxila. AbstractIntroduction: Anteroposterior maxillary deficiency can be associated with a decrease of upper airway volume. Maxillary advancement can improve the upper airway space. Aim: To correlate cephalometric (2D) and volumetric (3D) measurements of the upper airway in class III patients treated by maxillary advancement. Material and method: This retrospective transversal study was performed in ten adult patients submitted to maxillary advancement for correction of class III deformity secondary to maxillary anteroposterior deficiency. The Cone beam tomography files included in the medical records were used: (T1) pre-operative and (T2) 6 to 8 months postoperative. The DICOM files were imported and reconstructed for volumetric and cephalometric evaluation of the upper airway, as divided into nasopharynx, oropharynx and hypopharynx (Arnett & Gunson FAB Surgery). Result: Age ranged from 26 to 55 years with a mean of 36.3±9.2 years. There were no statistically significant differences for cephalometric and volumetric parameters of the three pharyngeal regions between T1 and T2 periods. This was due to the small amount of maxillary advancement necessary to correct the maxillary deformity in the studied patients (4.7±1.89mm). The correlation between area and volume was not statistically significant only for preoperative measurements of t...

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“…Recently, airway studies have incorporated the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to assess the upper airway anatomy because CBCT offers numerous advantages when compared with lateral cephalograms, including volumetric rather than linear measurements, distortion-free measurements, and measurements that are independent of head positioning. [9][10][11] Although the predictive factors for the development of OSA are multifactorial, 3D airway studies have supported the findings that a decrease of airway volume and minimum cross-sectional area (choke point) are key contributors in the development of OSA. [12][13][14] The prevalence of pediatric OSA has increased in recent years, with an estimated 2% to 3% of US children affected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effect of Class III bone anchor treatment on airway

Nguyen

Clerck

Wilson

et al. 2014

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objectives: To compare airway volumes and minimum cross-section area changes of Class III patients treated with bone-anchored maxillary protraction (BAMP) versus untreated Class III controls. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight consecutive skeletal Class III patients between the ages of 10 and 14 years (mean age, 11.9 years) were treated using Class III intermaxillary elastics and bilateral miniplates (two in the infra-zygomatic crests of the maxilla and two in the anterior mandible). The subjects had cone beam computed tomographs (CBCTs) taken before initial loading (T1) and 1 year out (T2). Twenty-eight untreated Class III patients (mean age, 12.4 years) had CBCTs taken and cephalograms generated. The airway volumes and minimum crosssectional area measurements were performed using Dolphin Imaging 11.7 3D software. The superior border of the airway was defined by a plane that passes through the posterior nasal spine and basion, while the inferior border included the base of the epiglottis to the lower border of C3. Results: From T1 to T2, airway volume from BAMP-treated subjects showed a statistically significant increase (1499.64 mm 2015;85:591-596.)

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Cone-beam computerized tomography imaging and analysis of the upper airway: a systematic review of the literature

Cited by 228 publications

References 73 publications

Reliability of subjective, linear, ratio and area cephalometric measurements in assessing adenoid hypertrophy among different age groups

Reliability of subjective, linear, ratio and area cephalometric measurements in assessing adenoid hypertrophy among different age groups

Volumetric and cephalometric evaluation of the upper airway of class III patients submitted to maxillary advancement

Effect of Class III bone anchor treatment on airway

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