Configuration and skill assessment of the coupled biogeochemical model for the carbonate system in the Bay of Bengal

Joshi, A.P.; Chowdhury, Riyanka Roy; Kumar, Vishnu; Warrior, Hari

doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2020.103871

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Long trends in pCO 2air and pCO 2sea of 3.5 μatm yr −1 (R 2 = 0.06, P < 0.001) and 2.6 μatm yr −1 (R 2 = 0.39, P < 0.001), respectively, were observed during the study period. A smaller trend in pCO 2sea of 1.5 μatm yr −1 was obtained by a modeling study, which might be due to the longer time period (1993-2018) (Joshi et al, 2020) than that the present study.…”

Section: Overview Of Time-series Datacontrasting

confidence: 93%

“…This high freshwater influx and the seasonally reversal monsoon winds affect the physical characteristics and consequently the carbonate dynamics (Chakraborty et al., 2021; Joshi et al., 2021). This leads to high spatial and temporal variabilities in sea surface salinity (SSS) (Joshi et al., 2021) and brings in nutrients which leads to challenges in modeling carbonate system parameters [pCO 2sea , dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), and pH] for the bay (Joshi et al., 2020; Sarma et al., 2013; Sridevi and Sarma, 2021; Valsala & Maksyutov, 2010). Both observation and model based studies have shown low pCO 2sea in the northeastern BoB and high pCO 2sea in the southern region (Joshi & Warrior, 2022; Joshi et al., 2021; Sarma et al., 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability in Sea Surface pCO₂ and Controlling Factors in the Bay of Bengal Based on buoy Observations at 15°N, 90°E

Tang

Morozov

2022

JGR Oceans

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Approximately 55% of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions were absorbed in the oceans (2.8 ± 0.4 GtC year −1 ) over the last decade (2011-2020) (Friedlingstein et al., 2022). The ability of the ocean to absorb CO 2 can be estimated by calculating the air-sea CO 2 flux (F CO2 ) at the sea surface (Takahashi et al., 1993). However, large differences between observations and models, as well as between models in annual F CO2 estimation, have been reported by previous studies in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) (Valsala & Maksyutov, 2010;Valsala et al., 2021;Sarma et al., 2013). These differences are mainly due to inadequate field measurements and poor understanding of the CO 2 partial pressure (pCO 2 ) at the sea surface (pCO 2sea ) and its controlling mechanism. Potential locations for collecting pCO 2sea measurements were identified by utilizing inverse modeling techniques (Valsala et al., 2021). It is crucial to continue and increase long-term high-resolution monitoring efforts to better understand the pCO 2sea controlling mechanism.

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Section: Overview Of Time-series Datacontrasting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in Sea Surface pCO₂ and Controlling Factors in the Bay of Bengal Based on buoy Observations at 15°N, 90°E

Tang

Morozov

2022

JGR Oceans

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“…These problems are not alone to the BoB but also in the coastal regions where river discharge and human impact through atmospheric deposition is more likely. Since these two processes have only regional importance, it may be possible initially to incorporate in the regional models, such as discussed in Joshi et al (2020), for better understanding of influence of human-impact on ocean acidification and sea-to-air fluxes of CO 2 in future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of river discharge and warming on ocean acidification and pCO<sub>2</sub> levels in the Bay of Bengal

Sridevi

Sarma

2021

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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Shifts in surface ocean pCO 2 and pH are important controls governing global climate. Based on the linear relationship of observed surface pH and pCO 2 with sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS) and Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) multiple linear regression equations were developed. Based on remote sensing SST, Chl-a and model-derived SSS, pH and pCO 2 data were derived from 1998 to 2015. Overall warming of BoB is noticed at the rate of 0.004 to 0.03 C/y whereas cooling is found in the northwestern BoB during winter and spring seasons associated with an increase in atmospheric dust. Decrease in SSS is noticed during all seasons due to melting of Himalayan ice cover associated with increase in fresh water flux due to increase in atmospheric temperature. Increase in pH is observed in the eastern and southern Bay during all seasons associating with warming and decrease in salinity. In contrast, decrease in pH (À0.001 y À1 ) and pCO 2 increase (þ0.1 to þ0.7 matm y À1 ) is noticed in the western and head Bay during winter and spring seasons due to deposition of atmospheric pollutants. This study suggests that increase in freshwater input due to melting of Himalayan ice cover and deposition of atmospheric pollutants are dominant controlling factors on surface ocean pH and pCO 2 in the BoB between 1998 and 2015 and this region is acting as a stronger sink for the atmospheric CO 2 in the present than that in the past two decades. The global coastal regions are significantly influenced by river discharge and atmospheric deposition of pollutants and they are not part of the global models leading to ill-reproduction of seasonal variability in pH and pCO 2 . Inclusion of these processes may improve prediction of pH and pCO 2 in the regions heavily influenced by discharge/deposition from land and atmosphere.

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“…In addition to these programs, Xue et al (2014) recently reported partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO 2 ) data collected in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean (5°N-5°S, 90-95°E), Sarma et al (2015; studied the controlling factors of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and the sources and sinks of CO 2 along the west coast of the BoB during the 2010s, and Sarma et al (2023a) evaluated the contributions of chromophoric dissolved organic matter to DIC as organic alkalinity (Alk) through the investigation of 18 Indian estuaries. Furthermore, other studies in this region have been conducted based on model results, which may not sufficiently reflect the actual situation and thereby require additional observational data to support the conclusions reached (Joshi et al, 2020;Chakraborty et al, 2021). Therefore, additional observational efforts are essential to effectively monitor carbonate system parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributions and controlling processes of the carbonate system in the Eastern Indian Ocean during autumn and spring

Wu,

Yuan,

Liu

et al. 2024

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The Eastern Indian Ocean (EIO) is an ideal region to explore the variability and controlling mechanisms of the seawater carbonate system and their potential influence on global climate change due to the distinctive environmental features, while studies in the EIO is far from sufficient. The spatiotemporal distributions of pH, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), alkalinity (Alk), and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) were investigated in the EIO during autumn 2020 and spring 2021. The respective quantitative contributions of different controlling processes to DIC were further delineated. Significant seasonal variations were observed in the study area. Overall, the surface pH was lower and DIC, Alk, and pCO2 were higher during spring 2021 than during autumn 2020. The pH generally decreased from east to west during autumn 2020, whereas it decreased from north to south during spring 2021. The low values of DIC and Alk that were detected in the Bay of Bengal in these two seasons were mainly attributed to the influence of river inputs. Coastal upwelling during monsoon periods led to higher pCO2 and DIC values near Sumatra and Sri Lanka during spring 2021. The relationships of carbonate system parameters with different types of nutrients and different sized chlorophyll-a in the two seasons indicated the shifts of nutrients utilized by the phytoplankton, and phytoplankton species dominated the carbonate system variabilities. In vertical profiles, carbonate system parameters showed strong correlations with other physical and biogeochemical parameters, and these correlations were more robust during spring 2021 than during autumn 2020. The average sea–air flux of CO2 was 10.00 mmol m−2 d−1 during autumn 2020 and was 16.00 mmol m−2 d−1 during spring 2021, which revealed that the EIO served as a CO2 source during the study period. In addition, the separation of different controlling processes of DIC indicated stronger mixing processes, less CaCO3 precipitation, more intensive sea–air exchange, and weaker photosynthesis during spring 2021 than during autumn 2020.

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Configuration and skill assessment of the coupled biogeochemical model for the carbonate system in the Bay of Bengal

Cited by 11 publications

References 80 publications

Variability in Sea Surface pCO₂ and Controlling Factors in the Bay of Bengal Based on buoy Observations at 15°N, 90°E

Variability in Sea Surface pCO₂ and Controlling Factors in the Bay of Bengal Based on buoy Observations at 15°N, 90°E

Role of river discharge and warming on ocean acidification and pCO<sub>2</sub> levels in the Bay of Bengal

Distributions and controlling processes of the carbonate system in the Eastern Indian Ocean during autumn and spring

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Configuration and skill assessment of the coupled biogeochemical model for the carbonate system in the Bay of Bengal

Cited by 11 publications

References 80 publications

Variability in Sea Surface pCO2 and Controlling Factors in the Bay of Bengal Based on buoy Observations at 15°N, 90°E

Variability in Sea Surface pCO2 and Controlling Factors in the Bay of Bengal Based on buoy Observations at 15°N, 90°E

Role of river discharge and warming on ocean acidification and pCO<sub>2</sub> levels in the Bay of Bengal

Distributions and controlling processes of the carbonate system in the Eastern Indian Ocean during autumn and spring

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Product

Resources

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Variability in Sea Surface pCO₂ and Controlling Factors in the Bay of Bengal Based on buoy Observations at 15°N, 90°E

Variability in Sea Surface pCO₂ and Controlling Factors in the Bay of Bengal Based on buoy Observations at 15°N, 90°E