Heavy metals are one of the major substances concerned with agricultural pollution. The heavy Chapter contents Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Role and impacts of heavy metals in plants ……………………………………………………………….... Mechanism of heavy metals chelation in plants ……………………………………………………………. Response of plants towards different heavy metals ………………………………………………………... Silver (Ag) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… Aluminum (Al) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Cadmium (Cd) ………………………………………………………………………………………………. Cobalt (Co) …………………………………………………………………………………………………... Chromium (Cr) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Iron (Fe) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Mercury (Hg) ………………………………………………………………………………………………... Manganese (Mn) ……………………………………………………………………………………………. Molybdenum (Mo) …………………………………………………………………………………………. Nickel (Ni) …………………………………………………………………………………………………… Lead (Pb) …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Zinc (Zn) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………... Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Acknowledgement …………………………………………………………………………………………….. References ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 39 metals are highly toxic to plants and living life. Heavy metals play a vital role in nature as they are essential for the plant's normal growth. These heavy metals are also involved in redox reactions, transferring electrons, basic functions in nucleic acid metabolisms, and being an integral part of several enzymes as a direct participant. The availability at a certain concentration of these essential metals in growing medium is very important, but their excess concentration results in several toxic effects. Therefore, the present book chapter comprised the information for better understanding of heavy metal toxicity and their accumulation mechanism by the plants.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has forced universities across the globe to switch to distance/online mode of teaching since Spring 2020. The engineering college teaching community including graduate teaching assistants were severely affected by this change. Even though numerous articles cite a variety of strategies for online teaching for full time instructors, it has been identified that there are limited resources tailor made for graduate students who are teaching engineering classes. This article tries to bridge this gap by exploring some strategies for graduate teaching assistants to help them prepare for online classes and overcome the challenges posed by online/distance education from a graduate student’s experience and perspective.

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