Configurational splitting of the giant dipole resonance in atomic nuclei

Abstract

The fabrication of ordered macroporous silicon is obtained by exploiting the self-assembly properties of polymer nanospheres. Here, we demonstrate the method by using nanospheres of 200 nm and 500 nm. These self-assemble in monolayers of ordered hexagonal close-packed nanospheres. A controlled reactive ion etch of the assembled nanospheres, subsequent evaporation of metal, followed by 'lift-off' of the polymer nanospheres, provides a mask suitable for a further reactive ion etch step to provide macroporous polysilicon. This methodology provides a novel approach for the fabrication of highly ordered macroporous polysilicon; porous silicon substrates with pores of this size (50-500 nm) were previously only fabricated using rather difficult processing methods. The method reported here is straightforward and achieved using fabrication methods that are compatible with those currently used for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), photonic devices and nanostructured surfaces.

Asymptotic Models for Studying Kinetics of Formation of Compact Objects with Strong Internal Bonds

“…In addition, calculated mass numbers of cluster nuclides are also in compliance with standard concepts [29] [43] on isotope "stability valley". It should be kept in mind that the calculated clusters are formed deep in the sea of nuclear matter and not in particular reactions.…”

“…These states are given by the energy of oscillatory and rotational levels determined in shell model of nucleus. The time of processes of approaching equilibrium is within the interval between the time of direct nuclear reactions (with typical nuclear time of ~10 -22 s) and the lifetime of a compound nucleus (10 -16 -10 -15 s [29] [35]- [39]). In addition, there are some attempts to determine separately typical formation times and nuclear matter cluster sizes in astrophysical scales, in particular, for neutron stars.…”

“…To determine the most probable mass numbers we will use expression (12) with an arbitrary real number 15 2 λ = found out in Section 2 and known expressions [29] [39] connecting the nucleus radius R = a/2 and the mass number:…”

“…The absence of a seed size in (29) and (30) reflects an asymptotic stage of the process, when the system "forgets" about initial conditions and its evolution goes on according to internal dynamics of nucleus. This dynamics is connected with excitation of oscillatory and rotational energy levels.…”

“…Values A n calculated in [14] [25] with the help of Formula (28) with three types of seeds correspond to the mass numbers of the nuclides and their isotopes over the currently known range [28] [29], including the transfermium elements. In addition, calculated mass numbers of cluster nuclides are also in compliance with standard concepts [29] [43] on isotope "stability valley".…”