Confined compression of articular cartilage

Buschmann, Michael D.; Soulhat, J.; Shirazi‐Adl, A.; Jurvelin, Jukka S.; Hunziker, Ernst B.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(97)00124-3

Cited by 68 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…However, many physiologically important inhomogeneous and nonlinear tissue characteristics, such as compression–tension nonlinearity, are not captured using these methods. 110 Also, confined compression may not reveal a physiologically relevant dynamic response, 111 and biphasic indentation data that are reduced assuming tissue isotropy do not describe dynamic (instantaneous) properties accurately. 112 , 113 Although the methodology for these techniques is well established, they may not address the nonuniformity and complex geometry that is typical of repairing cartilage defects.…”

Section: Mechanical Testing Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preclinical Studies for Cartilage Repair

et al. 2011

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Investigational devices for articular cartilage repair or replacement are considered to be significant risk devices by regulatory bodies. Therefore animal models are needed to provide proof of efficacy and safety prior to clinical testing. The financial commitment and regulatory steps needed to bring a new technology to clinical use can be major obstacles, so the implementation of highly predictive animal models is a pressing issue. Until recently, a reductionist approach using acute chondral defects in immature laboratory species, particularly the rabbit, was considered adequate; however, if successful and timely translation from animal models to regulatory approval and clinical use is the goal, a step-wise development using laboratory animals for screening and early development work followed by larger species such as the goat, sheep and horse for late development and pivotal studies is recommended. Such animals must have fully organized and mature cartilage. Both acute and chronic chondral defects can be used but the later are more like the lesions found in patients and may be more predictive. Quantitative and qualitative outcome measures such as macroscopic appearance, histology, biochemistry, functional imaging, and biomechanical testing of cartilage, provide reliable data to support investment decisions and subsequent applications to regulatory bodies for clinical trials. No one model or species can be considered ideal for pivotal studies, but the larger animal species are recommended for pivotal studies. Larger species such as the horse, goat and pig also allow arthroscopic delivery, and press-fit or sutured implant fixation in thick cartilage as well as second look arthroscopies and biopsy procedures.

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Section: Mechanical Testing Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preclinical Studies for Cartilage Repair

et al. 2011

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“…3,16 Interdigitation between the porous loading platen and the cartilage surface in confined compression may lead to tissue damage. 41 Van Donkelaar and Schulz reported friction between the loading platen and the sidewalls to be a potential issue during dynamic compression. 16 Eventually, to keep the subchondral bone as a mechanical support for the deep zone, 25 OCT imaging is done through the cartilage surface.…”

Section: Sample Chambermentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and evaluation of a device for simultaneous uniaxial compression and optical imaging of cartilage samples in vitro

Steinert

Kratz

Jaedicke

et al. 2014

Review of Scientific Instruments

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In this paper, we present a system that allows imaging of cartilage tissue via optical coherence tomography (OCT) during controlled uniaxial unconfined compression of cylindrical osteochondral cores in vitro. We describe the system design and conduct a static and dynamic performance analysis. While reference measurements yield a full scale maximum deviation of 0.14% in displacement, force can be measured with a full scale standard deviation of 1.4%. The dynamic performance evaluation indicates a high accuracy in force controlled mode up to 25 Hz, but it also reveals a strong effect of variance of sample mechanical properties on the tracking performance under displacement control. In order to counterbalance these disturbances, an adaptive feed forward approach was applied which finally resulted in an improved displacement tracking accuracy up to 3 Hz. A built-in imaging probe allows on-line monitoring of the sample via OCT while being loaded in the cultivation chamber. We show that cartilage topology and defects in the tissue can be observed and demonstrate the visualization of the compression process during static mechanical loading.

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“…Depending on the test, less accurate results are likely as the thickness of samples diminishes. For example, in confined compression tests, the assumption that the surface of the porous plunger is flat breaks down when the sample thickness decreases to where the roughness of the plunger is a large percentage of the sample thickness [94]. Testing of cartilage slices is also the usual approach for tensile tests (see section.2.1.4, above).…”

Section: Biomechanical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mansour

Welter²

2013

J. Med. Biol. Eng.

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Tissue engineering (TE) has promise as a biological solution and a disease modifying treatment for arthritis. Although cartilage can be generated by TE, substantial inter- and intra-donor variability makes it impossible to guarantee optimal, reproducible results. TE cartilage must be able to perform the functions of native tissue, thus mechanical and biological properties approaching those of native cartilage are likely a pre-requisite for successful implantation. A quality-control assessment of these properties should be part of the implantation release criteria for TE cartilage. Release criteria should certify that selected tissue properties have reached certain target ranges, and should be predictive of the likelihood of success of an implant in vivo. Unfortunately, it is not currently known which properties are needed to establish release criteria, nor how close one has to be to the properties of native cartilage to achieve success. Achieving properties approaching those of native cartilage requires a clear understanding of the target properties and reproducible assessment methodology. Here, we review several main aspects of quality control as it applies to TE cartilage. This includes a look at known mechanical and biological properties of native cartilage, which should be the target in engineered tissues. We also present an overview of the state of the art of tissue assessment, focusing on native articular and TE cartilage. Finally, we review the arguments for developing and validating non-destructive testing methods for assessing TE products.

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Confined compression of articular cartilage

Cited by 68 publications

References 22 publications

Preclinical Studies for Cartilage Repair

Preclinical Studies for Cartilage Repair

Development and evaluation of a device for simultaneous uniaxial compression and optical imaging of cartilage samples in vitro

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