Confinement of Surface State Electrons in Fabry-Pérot Resonators

Bürgi, Lukas; Jeandupeux, O.; Hirstein, Andreas; Brune, Harald; Kern, Klaus

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.81.5370

Cited by 200 publications

(216 citation statements)

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“…In addition, as we will show, the modulation by the bulk lattice perpendicular to the surface plays an important role. A good model system for investigating the behavior of these wave functions is a noble metal surface with a free-electron-like surface state, such as Cu(111) [5][6][7][8][9][10]. It has been shown that regular superlattices of straight, monoatomic steps can be prepared on vicinal Cu(111) at 300 K [10].…”

Section: (Received 2 November 1999)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Wave Function at a Vicinal Surface: Switch from Terrace to Step Modulation

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Speller

et al. 2000

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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The Cu(111) surface state has been mapped for vicinal surfaces with variable step densities by angleresolved photoemission. Using tunable synchrotron radiation to vary the k dependence perpendicular to the surface, as well as the k k dependence, we find a switch between two qualitatively different regimes at a miscut of 7 ± (17 Å terrace width). For larger miscut angles the step modulation of the wave function dominates, and for smaller miscut angles the terrace modulation dominates. These observations resolve an apparent inconsistency between prior photoemission and STM results.

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Section: (Received 2 November 1999)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Wave Function at a Vicinal Surface: Switch from Terrace to Step Modulation

Ortega

Speller

et al. 2000

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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“…Because of the wave-particle duality, electrons can interfere as shown by Davisson and Germer 1 . The invention of the scanning tunnelling microscope 2 (STM) allowed the visualization of this effect in the real space by looking at the spectacular standing wave patterns produced by elastic scattering of electrons and holes at surface defects, such as vacancies, adsorbates, impurities or step edges [3][4][5][6] . These waves, known as Friedel oscillations 7 , correspond to modulations of the electronic local density of states 8 (LDOS) and can be energetically resolved by differential conductivity (dI/dU) maps, usually measured at low temperature to reach a large coherence length and an improved energy resolution.…”

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Direct observation of many-body charge density oscillations in a two-dimensional electron gas

et al. 2015

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Quantum interference is a striking manifestation of one of the basic concepts of quantum mechanics: the particle-wave duality. A spectacular visualization of this effect is the standing wave pattern produced by elastic scattering of surface electrons around defects, which corresponds to a modulation of the electronic local density of states and can be imaged using a scanning tunnelling microscope. To date, quantum-interference measurements were mainly interpreted in terms of interfering electrons or holes of the underlying band-structure description. Here, by imaging energy-dependent standing-wave patterns at noble metal surfaces, we reveal, in addition to the conventional surface-state band, the existence of an 'anomalous' energy band with a well-defined dispersion. Its origin is explained by the presence of a satellite in the structure of the many-body spectral function, which is related to the acoustic surface plasmon. Visualizing the corresponding charge oscillations provides thus direct access to many-body interactions at the atomic scale.

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“…In the STM images the surface electrons reveal their wave-like behavior, often discussed in analogy to light. This analogy has been addressed directly in experiments such as the confinement of a 2DEG between two parallel step edges, considered as a counterpart of the optical Fabry-Perot resonator [3], the striking experiment of an electronic MachZehnder interferometer [4], and the spectacular quantum mirage experiment [5]. However, despite this strong analogy, the counterpart of optical refraction has not yet been observed for surface electrons.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Ever since the mapping of standing waves of a twodimensional electron gas (2DEG) on the close-packed Cu(111) surface by means of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (LT-STM) [1,2], the 2DEG turned out to be an ideal playground for a variety of LT-STM experiments [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. In the STM images the surface electrons reveal their wave-like behavior, often discussed in analogy to light.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Second-in terms of optics-the interface between the two media has to be transparent. It was reported that step edges of metals exhibit a transmission close to zero for surface electrons, i.e., that the wave patterns on the two sides of a step edge are not related to each other [3]. However, in the case of an insulator adsorbed on a metal surface, this may be different: An insulator does not contribute to the electronic states, therefore the electrons are still confined to the surface of the metal underneath, and thus may better overlap with the electrons of the clean surface.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Snell’s Law for Surface Electrons: Refraction of an Electron Gas Imaged in Real Space

2004

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On NaCl(100)/Cu(111) an interface state band is observed that descends from the surface-state band of the clean copper surface. This band exhibits a Moiré-pattern-induced one-dimensional band gap, which is accompanied by strong standing-wave patterns, as revealed in low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy images. At NaCl island step edges, one can directly see the refraction of these standing waves, which obey Snell's refraction law.

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Confinement of Surface State Electrons in Fabry-Pérot Resonators

Cited by 200 publications

References 15 publications

Electron Wave Function at a Vicinal Surface: Switch from Terrace to Step Modulation

Electron Wave Function at a Vicinal Surface: Switch from Terrace to Step Modulation

Direct observation of many-body charge density oscillations in a two-dimensional electron gas

Snell’s Law for Surface Electrons: Refraction of an Electron Gas Imaged in Real Space

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