“…Building organizational trust is fundamental to successful leadership, involving trust between leaders and employees and among peers. Leaders play a pivotal role in fostering this trust, with studies by Seok et al (2015), Norman et al (2010), Farmanesh andZargar (2023), andIslam et al (2020) emphasizing the importance of competence, positivity, integrity, and transparency in leaders. Ethical leadership, as suggested by Javed et al (2018) and Zhang et al (2018), significantly influences employees' trust, prompting investigations into its impact on trust levels within different organizational settings.…”