“…numerous models that are based on the DFN approach to model the flow or transport in fractured formations (Cacas et al, 1990a;Cacas et al, 1990b;de Dreuzy et al, 2013;Hyman et al, 2015a;Liu and Neretnieks, 2006;Long et al, 1985;Pichot et al, 2012;Xu and Dowd, 2010). Advanced 3D DFN approaches typically include procedures of fracture generation, DFN meshing, and flow and transport or particle tracking (de Dreuzy et al, 2013;Erhel et al, 2009;Hyman et al, 2014;Pichot et al, 2012;Xu and Dowd, 2010;Zhang, 2015). Particle tracking algorithms are usually preferred to simulate DFN transport 5 and have recently been widely implemented to evaluate the time resistance of contaminants for fractured formations (Hyman et al, 2015a;Hyman et al, 2015b;Makedonska et al, 2015;Painter et al, 2008;Stalgorova and Babadagli, 2015;Wang and Cardenas, 2015).…”