Confusion of the Standardization in Craniofacial Soft Tissue Measurements: Frankfort Horizontal Plane or Natural Head Position?

Bahşi, İlhan; Orhan, Mustafa; Kervancıoğlu, Piraye

doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000007883

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…The volunteers were positioned at a distance of 3 m from the Nikon D5000 camera (55 mm lens) with his/her head in the natural head position, an easily reproducible method. 22 The photos were taken from both sides, with the ears fully visible. To ensure calibration, a ruler was placed next to the persons, and photographs were taken.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Those who had congenital anomalies, physical deformity, history of trauma, or surgical procedure of the external ear were excluded from the study. The volunteers were positioned at a distance of 3 m from the Nikon D5000 camera (55 mm lens) with his/her head in the natural head position, an easily reproducible method 22 . The photos were taken from both sides, with the ears fully visible.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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External Ear Anthropometry of Healthy Turkish Young Adults

Bahşi,

Orhan,

Kervancioğlu

et al. 2023

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the external ear values in Turkish young adults with 2-dimensional photogrammetry. Methods: One hundred males and 100 females aged between 18 and 25 years were included in the study. Individuals were photographed from both sides. Ear length (superaurel-subaurel, spa-sba), ear width (preaurel-postaurel, pra-pa), and the angle between the vertical axis of the auricle and the line between spa and sba (ear incline angle, eia) were measured in these photographs. Also, auricular index (pra-pa/spa-sba×100) was calculated. Results: The average values of the spa-sba, pra-pa, eia, and auricular index were found as 65.46±4.68 mm, 37.89±3.61 mm, 19.40±4.83 degrees, and 57.93±4.53 in males and 60.90±5.35 mm, 35.62±3.69 mm, 17.95±4.86 degrees, and 58.65±5.29 in females, respectively. While the values of spa-sba (P=0.001 for the right side and P=0.001 for the left side), pra-pa (P=0.001 for the right side and P=0.001 for the left side), and eia (P=0.024 for the right side and P=0.041 for the left side) were statistically higher for males than females, there was no statistically significant difference between the sex and the auricular index (P=0.404 for the right side and P=0.955 for the left side). Besides, there was no statistically significant difference between the sides for these 4 parameters (P=0.760, 0.409, 0.225, and 0.521, respectively). Conclusion: The authors believe that the results obtained for Turkish young adults can be used as reference values, which can be used in the diagnosis, follow, or surgical treatment of many diseases, forensic procedures, and planning esthetic surgery procedures.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

External Ear Anthropometry of Healthy Turkish Young Adults

Bahşi,

Orhan,

Kervancioğlu

et al. 2023

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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“…They provide rapid measurements of the whole body or specific body parts, such as in screening exams for spinal curvatures, determining the craniofacial anthropometric features or lower limb. (15)(16)(17)(18)(19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Errors Encountered in Photogrammetric Studies on Lower Extremities

Chatzioglou¹,

Yılar

Gövsa

et al. 2023

Eur J Ther

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Objective: The aim of our study is to reveal the errors that can be encountered during the shooting of photogrammetric studies on the lower extremities. Methods: We revealed the necessary tools that used during photogrammetry measurements of the lower limb. Also, the errors have been encountered of our two previous studies performed on photogrammetry of lower limbs. The technical errors or incorrect positioning of 20 from 220 volunteers were encountered. Results: The identified errors of 20 volunteers’ photographs related to lower limb were about the inadequate quality image, calibration, poor lightining, positioning error of trunk or parts of lower limb and clothes that cover the anatomical points affected the measurements. Conclusion: Photogrammetry is an important and useful tool for evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and efficacy monitoring. In anatomy, it is frequently used as a time-saving method in terms of measurement and evaluation in the laboratory, which can be applied and repeated for research. For this reason, errors that occur during the lower extremity have been reported and we think that it will be useful for studies on this part of the body and can be a guide.

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“…However, considering that the FH plane is based on bone landmarks, detecting the plane on the face in a clinical environment may be challenging. Moreover, some studies suggested that FH plane should not be used for soft tissue measurements 4. Consequently, a new reference plane, based on soft tissue landmarks and suitable for clinical analysis and soft tissue measurements, should be developed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, some studies suggested that FH plane should not be used for soft tissue measurements. 4 Consequently, a new reference plane, based on soft tissue landmarks and suitable for clinical analysis and soft tissue measurements, should be developed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Preliminary Study of a Novel Reference Plane of the Head: Comparing With the True Horizontal Plane

Tian

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2022

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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A new reference plane of the head, based on soft tissue landmarks and suitable for clinical analysis and soft tissue measurements, is needed. We recently discovered a novel reference plane, that is, the COs plane, which was formed by bilateral Lateral Canthus and bilateral Otobasion Superius and might be horizontal at the natural head position (NHP). In this study, we investigated the angles between the COs plane and the true horizontal (TrH) plane while sitting and standing, aiming to explore whether the new plane could be used as a substitution for the reference plane in clinical practice. Briefly, 26 volunteers were enrolled. Their sitting and standing NHP were recorded using the 3dMDface system. In the pitch axis, the mean angle of COs/TrH was 0.29 degrees and 0.41 degrees for sitting and standing positions, respectively, showing no statistical difference (P > 0.05). However, in the roll axis, the mean angle of COs/ TrH for sitting position and standing positions was 1.08 and 1.33 degrees (P < 0.05), which was considered to be the result of habitual canting of the head. Moreover, there were no significant differences between the sitting and standing NHP, considering the COs/TrH angles (P > 0.05). To sum up, we concluded that the COs plane could be used as a reliable reference plane in certain soft tissue analysis and clinical applications.

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Confusion of the Standardization in Craniofacial Soft Tissue Measurements: Frankfort Horizontal Plane or Natural Head Position?

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

External Ear Anthropometry of Healthy Turkish Young Adults

External Ear Anthropometry of Healthy Turkish Young Adults

Evaluation of Errors Encountered in Photogrammetric Studies on Lower Extremities

A Preliminary Study of a Novel Reference Plane of the Head: Comparing With the True Horizontal Plane

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