Congenital Abnormalities of Kidneys and Urinary Tract in Children at the Dakar University Hospital

Abstract

Congenital abnormalities of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) represent all the morphological abnormalities associated with a disorder of the embryonic development of the kidneys and their excretory tract. Its prevalence is underestimated in developing countries compared to developed countries. This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study between January 1st, 2015 and February 28th, 2020, carried out in the pediatric department of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital. The prevalence of CAKUT was 8.77% for all pediatric nephrologic pathologies (n = 58), the median age at diagnosis was 77.28 months and the sex ratio was 1.6. The circumstances of the discovery of CAKUT were dominated by urinary tract infection (n = 21), the antenatal diagnosis was poor (n = 13) and confusion between cysts and calyx dilation in antenatal was noted. Ultrasound was the main postnatal imaging test requested. The most common renal abnormality was kidney cysts (n = 18) (cystic kidneys and multicystic dysplastic kidney) and the most common urological abnormality was the posterior urethral valves (n = 8). Kidney failure was a pejorative factor in the evolution of these CAKUT.

Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infections and Associated Factors Among Under-Five Children with Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract in Hospitalized Patients in Addis Ababa

“…Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showing factors associated with Prevalence of UTI among CAKUT children admitted to Tikur Anbesa and Menelik Hospital, 2023 , the prevalence of urinary tract infection among children with CAKUT was 30.1%. A study conducted at Dakar University Hospital indicated that the prevalence of UTI with CAKUT was 36.2%, which is comparable to these ndings[10]. Compared to the ndings of other studies conducted in different countries, the prevalence rate was lower than that in studies conducted in Erbil, the capital of Iraq, and Indonesia, in which the prevalence of UTIs among CAKUT children was 59.4% and 64.0%, respectively [8,…”