Introduction: The state of epilepticus in children is considered as a medical emergency which involves the vital and functional prognosis of the patient. The difficulties of this support in our country are linked to the lack of pediatric intensive care unit. The aim of our study is to evaluate the clinical, therapeutic, scalable and etiological states of epilepticus in children at Hospital Albert Royer National Children, Dakar.Methods: This is a prospective study which includes all patients aged between 2 months and 16 years who were hospitalized between 1 August, 2014 and 31 May, 2015 for a prolonged convulsion over 5 minutes and/or with at least 3 episodes of successive convulsions. We have not included the newborns and non-convulsive state epilepticus patients. The treatment protocol consists of the use of diazepam as first line, after 60 minutes if the crisis persists; diazepam phenobarbital was associated with the second line. Results:We collected 53 cases of state epilepticus (29 boys and 24 girls), which turned out to be a hospital incidence of 4.2%. The mean age was 48.5 months. Three quarters of our patients (n=40) were received emergency beyond 30 minutes after the onset of convulsions where the generalized seizures (n=42) were more common than partial seizures (n=11). The convulsions occurred in a context of fever in 38 patients. The metabolic balance was in favor of hyponatremia in 13 cases. Twenty-four patients (45.3%) have received only phenobarbital diazepam combination within 60 minutes after the onset of seizures. Conclusions:The state epilepticus cases are frequent in the hospital emergency department especially for infants from 2 months to 3 years. It was observed that the patients unfortunately received emergency in late beyond 30 minutes after the onset of convulsions.

Congenital abnormalities of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) represent all the morphological abnormalities associated with a disorder of the embryonic development of the kidneys and their excretory tract. Its prevalence is underestimated in developing countries compared to developed countries. This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study between January 1st, 2015 and February 28th, 2020, carried out in the pediatric department of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital. The prevalence of CAKUT was 8.77% for all pediatric nephrologic pathologies (n = 58), the median age at diagnosis was 77.28 months and the sex ratio was 1.6. The circumstances of the discovery of CAKUT were dominated by urinary tract infection (n = 21), the antenatal diagnosis was poor (n = 13) and confusion between cysts and calyx dilation in antenatal was noted. Ultrasound was the main postnatal imaging test requested. The most common renal abnormality was kidney cysts (n = 18) (cystic kidneys and multicystic dysplastic kidney) and the most common urological abnormality was the posterior urethral valves (n = 8). Kidney failure was a pejorative factor in the evolution of these CAKUT.

Introduction: Vascular limb trauma refers to any traumatic lesion involving a blood vessel; an artery or vein; located in the limbs, caused by laceration, contusion, section, crush, puncture or other mechanisms. They constitute a medico-surgical emergency that involves both vital and functional prognosis.

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