Congenital Anomalies in Twins in Aberdeen and Northeast Scotland

Corney, G.; MacGillivray, Ian; Campbell, Doris M.; Thompson, Barbara; Little, J.

doi:10.1017/s0001566000008138

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The relative risk was 1.5 (95% CI, 0.6–3.7) between monozygotic and dizygotic twins. This result is comparable to a study in Aberdeen including 657 women with twin pregnancies in which the relative risk was 1.4 (95% CI, 0.8–2.5)15 (Table 7). The relative risk in 508 women with twin pregnancies between monozygotic and dizygotic twins was 1.4 (95% CI, 0.9–2.0) in the National Collaborative Perinatal Project from 12 institutions in the USA.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Structural anomalies have been reported to occur more often in monozygotic twins compared with dizygotic twins and singletons4, 9–13, with relative risks of congenital anomalies in twins compared with singletons of 1.17 (95% CI, 1.04–1.3) for dizygotic twins11 and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.21–1.28) for monozygotic twins14. The risk of malformations in monozygotic twins is higher than that in dizygotic twins, with a relative risk of congenital anomalies in monozygotic compared with dizygotic twins of 1.4–2.710, 11, 15.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oligoethylene Glycols as Highly Efficient Mutifunctional Promoters for Nucleophilic‐Substitution Reactions

Jadhav

Jang

Jeong

et al. 2012

Chemistry A European J

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Herein, we report the promising use of n-oligoethylene glycols (oligoEGs) as mutifunctional promoters for nucleophilic-substitution reactions employing alkali metal salts. Among the various oligoEGs tested, pentaethylene glycol (pentaEG) had the most efficient catalytic activity. In particular, when compared with other nucleophiles examined, a fluorine nucleophile generated from CsF was significantly activated by the pentaEG promoter. We also performed various facile nucleophilic-displacement reactions, such as the halogenation, acetoxylation, thioacetoxylation, nitrilation, and azidation of various substrates with potassium halides, acetate, thioacetate, cyanide, and sodium azide, respectively, in the presence of the pentaEG promoter. All of these reactions provided their desired products in excellent yields. Furthermore, the combination of pentaEG and a tert-alcohol medium showed tremendous efficiency in the nucleophilic-displacement reactions (fluorination and methoxylation) of base-sensitive substrates with basic nucleophiles (cesium fluoride and potassium methoxide, respectively). The catalytic role of oligoEGs was examined by quantum-chemical methods. The oxygen atoms in oligoEGs were found to act as Lewis bases on the metal cations to produce the "flexible" nucleophile, whereas the two terminal hydroxy (OH) groups acted as "anchors" to orientate the nucleophile and the substrate into an ideal configuration for the reaction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oligoethylene Glycols as Highly Efficient Mutifunctional Promoters for Nucleophilic‐Substitution Reactions

Jadhav

Jang

Jeong

et al. 2012

Chemistry A European J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…31 Nevertheless, congenital heart defects occur more commonly in monochorionic than in dichorionic monozygotic twins, 32 and in terms of acquired congenital heart lesions monochorionic placentation and its complications may provide a less favourable environment for the developing fetus. In addition to the altered vascular responses described in childhood, 14 fetal responses to circulatory imbalance in chronic twin-twin transfusion may provide the substrate for pulmonary valve stenosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of twin-twin transfusion syndrome on fetal cardiovascular structure and function: prospective case-control study of 136 monochorionic twin pregnancies

Karatza

Wolfenden

Taylor

et al. 2002

Heart

187

176

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Objective: To test the hypothesis that identical twins show no inter-twin differences in cardiovascular structure or physiology in fetal life unless there has been twin-twin transfusion syndrome. Design: Unselected prospective case-control observational study of fetoplacental haemodynamics including echocardiography at a median of 24 (16.7 to 32.3) weeks, with postnatal confirmation of congenital heart disease or normality. Setting: Fetal medicine unit. Patients: 136 women with monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies, of which 47 fetal twin pairs (35%) had twin-twin transfusion syndrome. Results: There were no haemodynamic differences between the bigger fetus (twin 1) and the smaller co-twin (twin 2) in uncomplicated monochorionic diamniotic pairs. In twin-twin transfusion syndrome, recipient fetuses had increased aortic and pulmonary velocities compared with their donor co-twins (mean (SD): 0.73 (0.23) m/s and 0.63 (0.14) m/s), respectively, v 0.53 (0.16) m/s and 0.48 (0.10) m/s in donor twins; p = 0.003 (aortic) and < 0.0001 (pulmonary)), and also in comparison with twin 1 and twin 2. The overall prevalence of congenital heart disease was increased above that in singletons (3.8% v 0.56%; 6.9% in twin-twin transfusion v 2.3% in uncomplicated monochorionic diamniotic twins), with inter-twin discordance for defects. The prevalence in recipient twins was 11.9% (p = 0.014 v uncomplicated control twins). Conclusions: Fetuses with an identical genome but no circulatory imbalance have similar cardiovascular physiology but discordant phenotypic expression of congenital heart disease. The high prevalence of congenital heart disease in monochorionic diamniotic twins merits detailed fetal echocardiography.

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“…Among these factors are racial, socioeconomic, and geographical factors (Cunningham et al, 2001). Furthermore, chorionicity also affects the frequency of birth defects in that monochorionicity enhances the risk of birth defects (Corney et al, 1983;Cunningham et al, 2001;Wennerholm et al, 2000). In this study, we dealt with a homogeneous population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Risk of Birth Defects in Dichorionic Twins Conceived by Assisted Reproductive Technology

Kuwata

Matsubara²,

Ohkuchi

et al. 2004

Twin res.

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Congenital Anomalies in Twins in Aberdeen and Northeast Scotland

Cited by 28 publications

References 9 publications

Oligoethylene Glycols as Highly Efficient Mutifunctional Promoters for Nucleophilic‐Substitution Reactions

Oligoethylene Glycols as Highly Efficient Mutifunctional Promoters for Nucleophilic‐Substitution Reactions

Influence of twin-twin transfusion syndrome on fetal cardiovascular structure and function: prospective case-control study of 136 monochorionic twin pregnancies

The Risk of Birth Defects in Dichorionic Twins Conceived by Assisted Reproductive Technology

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