Congenital Anomalies of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Abstract

A wide spectrum of congenital anomalies may affect the upper gastrointestinal tract, including anomalies of the esophagus (e.g., atresia, fistulas, webs, duplications, vascular rings), stomach (e.g., congenital gastric outlet obstruction, duplications), and duodenum (e.g., atresia, annular pancreas, duplications, malrotation). The evaluation of affected patients can require multiple imaging modalities for diagnosis and surgical planning. Radiography is often diagnostic and specific and can usually provide important clues to help determine the optimal diagnostic procedure. Neonates with complete gastric or upper intestinal obstruction do not usually require further radiologic evaluation after radiography: Barium studies are usually contraindicated, and complementary procedures (e.g., ultrasound [US], computed tomography [CT]) are not usually helpful and may even delay surgery, resulting in death. Nevertheless, US has become important in the evaluation of the pediatric gastrointestinal tract and is being used in an increasing number of applications. CT and magnetic resonance imaging are unsuitable for general screening but provide superb anatomic detail and added diagnostic specificity. They are especially useful in demonstrating esophageal duplications and vascular rings as well as associated abnormalities. However, the decision to perform a given imaging examination should be considered carefully to avoid inconvenience or unnecessary radiation exposure to the patient or delays in surgical correction. Quality control programs should be in place to ensure safe, effective radiologic practice through use of up-to-date equipment and good imaging technique.

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“…Among all enteric duplications, the ones occurring in the gastro-duodenal region are rare accounting for only seven percent of all duplications [1][2][3]. We report an interesting presentation as acute abdomen which turned out to be because of gastric duplication cyst.…”

“…Embryo pathogenesis of enteric duplications cannot explain occurrence at gatroduodenal region as well as none of the theories quoted in literature have solved the mystery [1,3].…”

“…Gastro-duodenal duplications are rare [1,2] and account for approximately seven per cent of all gastrointestinal duplication cysts [3].In the era of anomaly scan most of the cysts are detected antenatally, however locating organ of origin may be difficult .Symptomatic presentation depends on the size, position [3]and presence or absence of complications and include gastric outlet obstruction, abdominal pain or an abdominal mass. Embryo pathogenesis of enteric duplications cannot explain occurrence at gatroduodenal region as well as none of the theories quoted in literature have solved the mystery [1,3].…”

Pediatrik Abdomende Kontrastli Radyografi

“…Obstrüksiyon varlığı durumunda pilor stenozu, midgut volvulusu ve diğer konjenital anomaliler olası nedenlerin yaklaşık %95'ini oluştur-maktadır [6]. Gastroözofagiyal reflü tanısında 24 saatlik pH-metre esas tanı koydurucu tetkik olsa da altta yatan anatomik bozukluğunun varlığının araştırılması için birçok merkezde kontrastlı üst GİS tetkikleri kullanılmaktadır.…”

Obstrução intestinal congênita em cão por aderência de alça em osso púbico

“…Sendo assim, muitas anomalias gastrintestinais são resultado de uma embriogênese anormal (BERROCAL et al, 1999b).…”