Congenital Malaria, an Important Differential Diagnosis to Consider When Evaluating Febrile Infants of Immigrant Mothers

Hagmann, Stefan; Khanna, Kartika; Niazi, Masooma; Purswani, Murli; Robins, Edwin B

doi:10.1097/01.pec.0000270164.78238.7d

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Different tests have been used such as microscopy techniques, 50 or rapid antigen detection, 51 however, several reports have shown that PCR is, by far, the most powerful tool for such surveillance. 51,52 Such screening would prevent misdiagnoses of imported malaria cases leading to delayed treatment; would avoid unidentified reservoirs of malaria, which could contribute to local transmission and could also 53,54 avoid congenital, 55 transfusional, 56,57 or organ transplantation-associated transmission. 58,59 Our data found a prevalence of 4.6% among asymptomatic sub-Saharan Africans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Imported Infectious Diseases Among Asymptomatic Sub-Saharan African and Latin American Immigrants: A Public Health Challenge

Monge‐Maíllo¹,

López‐Vélez²,

Norman³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Migrants from developing countries are usually young and healthy but several studies report they may harbor asymptomatic infections for prolonged periods. Prevalence of infections were determined for asymptomatic immigrants from Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa who ettended to a European Tropical Medicine Referral Center from 2000 to 2009. A systematic screening protocol for selected infections was used. Data from 317 sub-Saharan Africans and 383 Latin Americans were analyzed. Patients were mostly young (mean age 29 years); there were significantly more males among sub-Saharan Africans (83% versus 31.6%) and pre-consultation period was longer for Latin Americans (5 versus 42 months). Diagnoses of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), chronic hepatitis B and C virus infection, and latent tuberculosis were significantly more frequent in sub-Saharan Africans (2.3% versus 0.3%; 14% versus 1.6%; 1.3 versus 0%; 71% versus 32.1%). There were no significant differences in prevalence for syphilis and intestinal parasites. Malaria and schistosomiasis prevalence in sub-Saharan Africans was 4.6% and 5.9%, respectively, and prevalence of Chagas disease in Latin Americans was 48.5%. Identifying and treating asymptomatic imported infectious diseases may have an impact both for the individual concerned and for public health. Based on these results, a systematic screening protocol for asymptomatic immigrants is proposed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Imported Infectious Diseases Among Asymptomatic Sub-Saharan African and Latin American Immigrants: A Public Health Challenge

Monge‐Maíllo¹,

López‐Vélez²,

Norman³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Malaria parasites cross the placenta and consequently the disease can occur in newborns from asymptomatic mothers [58,59]. Splenectomized patients may have more severe symptoms [60].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of imported malaria in Europe

Askling

Bruneel

Burchard

et al. 2012

Malar J

122

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In this position paper, the European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Study Group on Clinical Parasitology, summarizes main issues regarding the management of imported malaria cases. Malaria is a rare diagnosis in Europe, but it is a medical emergency. A travel history is the key to suspecting malaria and is mandatory in patients with fever. There are no specific clinical signs or symptoms of malaria although fever is seen in almost all non-immune patients. Migrants from malaria endemic areas may have few symptoms.Malaria diagnostics should be performed immediately on suspicion of malaria and the gold- standard is microscopy of Giemsa-stained thick and thin blood films. A Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) may be used as an initial screening tool, but does not replace urgent microscopy which should be done in parallel. Delays in microscopy, however, should not lead to delayed initiation of appropriate treatment. Patients diagnosed with malaria should usually be hospitalized. If outpatient management is preferred, as is the practice in some European centres, patients must usually be followed closely (at least daily) until clinical and parasitological cure. Treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria is either with oral artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) or with the combination atovaquone/proguanil. Two forms of ACT are available in Europe: artemether/lumefantrine and dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine. ACT is also effective against Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium knowlesi, but these species can be treated with chloroquine. Treatment of persistent liver forms in P. vivax and P. ovale with primaquine is indicated after excluding glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. There are modified schedules and drug options for the treatment of malaria in special patient groups, such as children and pregnant women. The potential for drug interactions and the role of food in the absorption of anti-malarials are important considerations in the choice of treatment.Complicated malaria is treated with intravenous artesunate resulting in a much more rapid decrease in parasite density compared to quinine. Patients treated with intravenous artesunate should be closely monitored for haemolysis for four weeks after treatment. There is a concern in some countries about the lack of artesunate produced according to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP).

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“…In areas of low malarial transmission, infants born to malaria-infected mothers have retarded growth rather than premature birth, and the premature birth are at much higher risk of dying in infancy than are the infants with retarded growth [9]. However, premature births are common where maternal malaria is associated with symptoms [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Infection of Malaria and Typhoid Fever among Pregnant Women Attending Primary Health Care Centre, Ojo Local Government, Lagos, Nigeria

Omoya¹

2017

Health Sci J

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Congenital Malaria, an Important Differential Diagnosis to Consider When Evaluating Febrile Infants of Immigrant Mothers

Cited by 16 publications

References 13 publications

Screening of Imported Infectious Diseases Among Asymptomatic Sub-Saharan African and Latin American Immigrants: A Public Health Challenge

Screening of Imported Infectious Diseases Among Asymptomatic Sub-Saharan African and Latin American Immigrants: A Public Health Challenge

Management of imported malaria in Europe

Co-Infection of Malaria and Typhoid Fever among Pregnant Women Attending Primary Health Care Centre, Ojo Local Government, Lagos, Nigeria

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