Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in Vietnam 2011–2012—CRS epidemic after rubella epidemic in 2010–2011

Toda, Kohei; Reef, Susan E.; Miyuki, Tsuruoka; Iijima, Makiko; Dang, Thanh Huyen; Duong, Thi Hong; Nguyễn, Văn Minh; Nguyen, Tran

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.035

Cited by 33 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The following year, a large-scale rubella outbreak occurred throughout Vietnam between January and July 20118 and many CRS cases emerged. To characterize the clinical manifestations of CRS, we studied infants with CRS, focusing especially on cardiovascular defects; we found high mortality and an association between pulmonary hypertension and death9.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sensory defects and developmental delay among children with congenital rubella syndrome

Toizumi

Nguyen

Motomura

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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This study investigated the features of developmental difficulties combined with sensory defects in children with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Following a large rubella outbreak in Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam, in 2011, we enrolled 41 children with CRS from September 2011 through May 2013. Fourteen participants died and six became untraceable by October 2013; the remaining 21 children were followed up from 2013 to 2015. Thirteen and seven participants had hearing and functional ophthalmological impairment, respectively. Developmental difficulties were suspected in 19 (95%) children who failed in at least one area of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) and/or Denver II in 2013 and/or 2015. Developmental difficulties were frequently identified in the ASQ communication domain (n = 14 in 2013) and Denver II language area (n = 13 in 2013). Seven (41%) participants were suspected of having autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in 2013 by the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers. In 2015, proportions of children failing the problem-solving (62%) and personal–social (62%) domains had increased and two of 13 were diagnosed with ASD by the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition. Developmental difficulties were suspected in most children with CRS, including autism largely combined with sensory dysfunction.

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confidence: 99%

Sensory defects and developmental delay among children with congenital rubella syndrome

Toizumi

Nguyen

Motomura

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…From January 2011 to December 2012, 424 infants suspected of having CRS were reported in Vietnam after the 2010-11 epidemic, and 292 infants were confirmed as CRS [17]. It spread to several countries [18] [19], and large outbreaks began mainly involving adult males in Japan in 2012 and continued to 2013 [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Trial of Measles and Rubella Combined Vaccine Produced by POLYVAC in Vietnam

Hien¹,

Hương²,

Huong³

et al. 2018

OJPed

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A clinical trial of measles and rubella combined vaccine (MR: MRVAC) produced by POLYVAC was conducted in Vietnam in 2016. A total of 756 subjects were enrolled, and 504 were allocated to MRVAC and 252 to control MR vaccine groups. Paired sera were obtained in 733, and the number of subjects was 403 aged 1 -2 years, 164 aged 2 -18 years, and 166 aged 18 -45 years. Antibodies against measles and rubella viruses were evaluated by EIA. Most subjects had been immunized with a single dose of Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) measles vaccine at 9 months of age. Only 41 of 403 subjects aged 1 -2 years were negative for measles antibody before vaccination, and all became seroconverted. A serological response of more than a 2-fold increase against measles was noted in 214 (47%, 95% CI; 42.4% -51.6%) of 458 initially seropositive individuals immunized with MRVAC and 65 (28%, 95% CI; 22.3% -33.8%) of 234 in the control group, and geometric mean titer (GMT) after vaccination was 2 5.49-5.60 in MRVAC and 2 5.03-5.24 in control group. Seroconversion against rubella virus after immunization with MRVAC was noted in 267 (98.5%, 95% CI; 97.1% -100%) of 271 initially seronegative subjects, similar to that after immunization with control group. GMT after immunization with MRVAC was 2 4.88-5.11 significantly lower than that after immunization with control vaccine (2 5.59-5.80 ). Most subject ≥ 2 years of age had rubella antibody because of MR vaccination campaign and no significant serological response was observed in initially seronegatives. MRVAC was highly immunogenic and safe vaccine and the domestic production of MR vaccine would contribute to realizing the goal of eliminating measles and rubella.

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“…In Myanmar, the burden of CRS during interepidemic periods was similar to that seen prior to the introduction of RCV in developed countries [28]. Following an outbreak of rubella in Vietnam, surveillance for CRS in Vietnam yielded 292 cases of CRS [29]. In 2014 and 2015, 6 and 7 countries in the WPR have reported >1 confirmed rubella case per 1,000,000 population while no country reported a case of CRS [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome in the Philippines: A Systematic Review

Lopez

Raguindin

Silvestre

et al. 2016

International Journal of Pediatrics

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Background. As part of regional elimination efforts, rubella-containing vaccines (RCV) have recently been introduced in the Philippines, yet the true burden of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in the country is largely unknown. Objective. To provide baseline information on rubella and CRS prior to routine vaccine introduction in the Philippines. Methods. We conducted a systematic literature review on rubella and CRS in the Philippines, including a cross-sectional study conducted in 2002 among 383 pregnant women attending the obstetric outpatient clinic of the Philippine General Hospital to assess rubella susceptibility of women of childbearing age. Results. 15 locally published and unpublished studies were reviewed. Susceptibility to rubella among women of childbearing age was higher in rural communities. Retrospective reviews revealed congenital heart diseases, cataracts, and hearing impairments to be most common presentations in children of CRS. In the cross-sectional study, 59 (15.4%) of the 383 pregnant women enrolled were seronegative for rubella IgG. Conclusion. Similar to other countries introducing RCV, it was only recently that surveillance for rubella has been established. Previous studies show substantial disabilities due to CRS and a substantial proportion of susceptible women who are at risk for having babies affected with CRS. Establishment of CRS surveillance and enhanced awareness on rubella case detection should be prioritized.

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Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in Vietnam 2011–2012—CRS epidemic after rubella epidemic in 2010–2011

Cited by 33 publications

References 10 publications

Sensory defects and developmental delay among children with congenital rubella syndrome

Sensory defects and developmental delay among children with congenital rubella syndrome

Clinical Trial of Measles and Rubella Combined Vaccine Produced by POLYVAC in Vietnam

Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome in the Philippines: A Systematic Review

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