Congo red absorption and cellulose synthesis by Rhizobiaceae

Zevenhuizen, L.P.T.M.; Bertocchi, Claudia; Neerven, A.R.W. van

doi:10.1007/bf00393465

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…These strains formed white colonies on agar plates with Congo red, confirming that binding of the stain by the mutant R201 resulting in red colonies is correlated to high production of cellulose fibrils. Although it has been reported that Congo red also can bind to outer-membrane proteins of various Gram-negative, animal pathogenic bacteria (Theisen et al, 1993), our data support the observation by Zevenhuizen et al (1986) that in Rhixobium the Congo red binding is related to the cellulose content of the bacteria. Thus in all subsequent experiments (e.g.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

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gdhB, a gene encoding a second quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase in Pantoea citrea, is required for pink disease of pineapple

Pujol¹,

Kado²

1999

Microbiology

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The pink disease of pineapple, caused by the bacterium Pantoea citrea, is characterized by a dark coloration on fruit slices after canning. A glucose dehydrogenase (Gdh) encoded by the gdhA gene has been implicated in the colour formation activity of P. citrea. In this paper it has been shown that P. citrea contains a second, homologous gdh gene and its product, GdhB, represents the main source of Gdh activity in this organism. Unlike gdhA, gdhB is constitutively expressed during the exponential phase of growth and is induced in stationary phase. A previously isolated chemical mutant, CMC6, which is deficient in Gdh activity and pink disease formation, failed to express gdhB during the stationary phase of growth. The CMC6 mutant can be complemented by a 54 bp DNA fragment located upstream of gdhA. This fragment, which contains an operator-like 11 bp inverted repeat, strongly enhances the expression of gdhA, probably b y titrating away a negative effector of its expression. These results illustrate the complex interplay operating between the two gdh genes and emphasize the role of glucose metabolism in the pathway leading to pink disease. INTRODUCTIONPink disease of pineapple is characterized by a dark coloration of the pineapple flesh when the fruit is canned (Rohrbach, 1989). The fruits, however, remain superficially asymptomatic in the field, making it difficult to discriminate between diseased and healthy fruits. Recently, a bacterium isolated in the Philippines was shown to be responsible for pink disease and identified as Pantoea citrea (Cha et al., 1997b). This bacterium belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae and is mainly found in fruits and soil samples (Sonoyama et al., 1988; Kageyama et al., 1992). The genes of P. citrea involved in pathogenesis are currently being identified and characterized (Cha et al., 1997a; Pujol & Kado, 1998). We previously generated a nitrosoguanidine-mediated mutant of P. citrea called CMC6, which was unable to t Present address: Medical Pathology Department, UCD Medical Center, Room 3300A, 4645 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, CA 9581 7, USA Abbreviations: CRP, CAMP receptor protein; Gdh, glucose dehydrogenase; PQQ, pyrroloquinoline quinone.The EMBL accession numbers for the sequences reported in this paper are AF050503 (gdhf3) and X95985 (gdhA).induce the dark coloration characteristic of pink disease. This mutant could be complemented by a 3-9 kb genomic DNA fragment containing a gene encoding a glucose dehydrogenase (Gdh) (Cha et al., 1997a). This gene, designated gdhA, is homologous to various bacterial Gdh genes. Its product, GdhA, belongs to the quinoprotein-glucose dehydrogenase family, whose members are usually associated with the cytoplasmic membrane, require pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) as a cofactor (Duine et al., 1979), oxidize D-glucose to D-gluconate in the periplasm and can also oxidize aldoses and disaccharides in Pseudomonas stutxeri LMD26-38 (Cleton-Jansen et al., 1988) and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (Cleton-Jansen et al., 1989), respectively. PQQdependent Gdhs are...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…However, there are exceptions to this generalized behaviour, as reported by Zevenhuizen et al (1986). These authors showed that a few Rhizobium strains produced red to deep-red colonies on medium with Congo red and had cellulose contents of 1-10 % of their d r y weights.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

gdhB, a gene encoding a second quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase in Pantoea citrea, is required for pink disease of pineapple

Pujol¹,

Kado²

1999

Microbiology

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“…In a set of preliminary experiments, we overexpressed celR mutated at Asp53 in the CheY domain (celRD53A) or at a key residue of the enzymatic GGEEF motif (celRE373A) in wild-type strain NTL7. We assessed the effects of these mutations on cellulose production by colony color on Congo red plates (45) and by growth properties in liquid media. As we described previously (22), compared to the parent, overexpressing wild-type celR resulted in increased Congo red binding (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Signaling Pathway Involving the Diguanylate Cyclase CelR and the Response Regulator DivK Controls Cellulose Synthesis in Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Barnhart

Farrand

2014

J Bacteriol

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The production of cellulose fibrils is involved in the attachment of Agrobacterium tumefaciens to its plant host. Consistent with previous studies, we reported recently that a putative diguanylate cyclase, celR, is required for synthesis of this polymer in A. tumefaciens. In this study, the effects of celR and other components of the regulatory pathway of cellulose production were explored. Mutational analysis of celR demonstrated that the cyclase requires the catalytic GGEEF motif, as well as the conserved aspartate residue of a CheY-like receiver domain, for stimulating cellulose production. Moreover, a site-directed mutation within the PilZ domain of CelA, the catalytic subunit of the cellulose synthase complex, greatly reduced cellulose production. In addition, deletion of divK, the first gene of the divK-celR operon, also reduced cellulose production. This requirement for divK was alleviated by expression of a constitutively active form of CelR, suggesting that DivK acts upstream of CelR activation. Based on bacterial two-hybrid assays, CelR homodimerizes but does not interact with DivK. The mutation in divK additionally affected cell morphology, and this effect was complementable by a wild-type copy of the gene, but not by the constitutively active allele of celR. These results support the hypothesis that CelR is a bona fide c-di-GMP synthase and that the nucleotide signal produced by this enzyme activates CelA via the PilZ domain. Our studies also suggest that the DivK/CelR signaling pathway in Agrobacterium regulates cellulose production independent of cell cycle checkpoint systems that are controlled by divK.

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“…Congo red binding is indicative of exopolysaccharides and some amyloid proteins (48,49) and suggests that atu1060 and atu1297 influence the production of such products. To test if the exopolysaccharide induced by overexpression of atu1297 or atu1060 was cellulose, the effects of pZLQatu1297 and pZLQatu1060 on NTL4(pTiC58) were examined by genetic manipulation and by quantification of total anthrone-positive material.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CelR, an Ortholog of the Diguanylate Cyclase PleD of Caulobacter, Regulates Cellulose Synthesis in Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Barnhart¹,

Su²,

Baccaro³

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Cellulose fibrils play a role in attachment of Agrobacterium tumefaciens to its plant host. While the genes for cellulose biosynthesis in the bacterium have been identified, little is known concerning the regulation of the process. The signal molecule cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) has been linked to the regulation of exopolysaccharide biosynthesis in many bacterial species, including A. tumefaciens. In this study, we identified two putative diguanylate cyclase genes, celR (atu1297) and atu1060, that influence production of cellulose in A. tumefaciens. Overexpression of either gene resulted in increased cellulose production, while deletion of celR, but not atu1060, resulted in decreased cellulose biosynthesis. celR overexpression also affected other phenotypes, including biofilm formation, formation of a polar adhesion structure, plant surface attachment, and virulence, suggesting that the gene plays a role in regulating these processes. Analysis of celR and ⌬cel mutants allowed differentiation between phenotypes associated with cellulose production, such as biofilm formation, and phenotypes probably resulting from c-di-GMP signaling, which include polar adhesion, attachment to plant tissue, and virulence. Phylogenetic comparisons suggest that species containing both celR and celA, which encodes the catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase, adapted the CelR protein to regulate cellulose production while those that lack celA use CelR, called PleD, to regulate specific processes associated with polar localization and cell division.

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Congo red absorption and cellulose synthesis by Rhizobiaceae

Abstract: Congo red uptake by Rhizobium colonies from yeast extract-mannitol-mineral salts-Congo red-agar plates was related with the cellulose content in the cell capsule of the bacteria.

Cited by 27 publications

References 10 publications

gdhB, a gene encoding a second quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase in Pantoea citrea, is required for pink disease of pineapple

gdhB, a gene encoding a second quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase in Pantoea citrea, is required for pink disease of pineapple

A Signaling Pathway Involving the Diguanylate Cyclase CelR and the Response Regulator DivK Controls Cellulose Synthesis in Agrobacterium tumefaciens

CelR, an Ortholog of the Diguanylate Cyclase PleD of Caulobacter, Regulates Cellulose Synthesis in Agrobacterium tumefaciens

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