Conhecimento de acadêmicos de enfermagem sobre a vacina contra o papilomavírus humano

Abstract

Conflitos de interesse: nada a declarar.Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento entre acadêmicos de enfermagem sobre a vacina contra o papilomavírus humano e comparar os resultados obtidos entre estudantes do primeiro e do último ano de graduação. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, transversal, quantitativo, realizado entre maio e junho de 2019. Aplicado questionário a 179 estudantes do curso de Enfermagem de uma universidade pública do estado de São Paulo, contendo dados sociodemográficos e outro sobre o conhecimento do papilomavírus humano e a vacina contra o mesmo. Dados foram analisados através do programa Statistical Packcage for Social Science. Resultados: 82,4% dos estudantes do primeiro ano e 95,5% do último responderam que sabiam o que é o papilomavírus humano, e afirmaram ser um vírus sexualmente transmissível. Lacunas de conhecimento foram identificadas, quanto à finalidade do exame citopatológico, aos fatores de risco relacionados à infecção e relacionados à vacina, como número de doses e possíveis riscos e benefícios da mesma. Conclusão: Apesar de os acadêmicos demonstrarem conhecimento quanto ao papilomavírus humano, sua transmissibilidade e relação direta com o câncer do colo do útero, ainda apresentaram dúvidas importantes que devem ser sanadas, quanto à finalidade do exame citopatológico, aos fatores de risco para infecção pelo vírus e em relação à vacina contra o papilomavírus humano.

Environmental factors associated with human papillomavirus vaccine coverage in adolescents: 2016-2020 analysis

“…This targeted age group of the HPV vaccine is an important and relevant factor for public health, since historically most immunization programs have focused on childhood vaccination. Thu, health services may be less experienced in reaching and vaccinating adolescents 3 , 7 - 8 . This fact can be proven by the low rates of vaccination coverage found in this study, as well as in other countries, since many have limited experience in providing and continuing health care to adolescents, in addition to beliefs/barriers imposed in the context of this immunobiological 6 - 8 , 10 .…”

“…When developing strategies to raise awareness of the importance of HPV vaccination, it is necessary to adapt them according to the socioeconomic and socio-environmental characteristics of the location. In this case, the nursing professional is able to contribute to this process through situational analysis of the population and with the use of tools, such as situational diagnosis 7 , 27 .…”

“…Regarding HPV vaccine coverage rates in Brazil, they are not considerably different from vaccine coverage in other countries but are insufficient to achieve the global goal for the eradication of cervical cancer 3 , 6 - 7 . In 2014, soon after its implementation, 87% of Brazilian municipalities reached the goal recommended with the first dose, but only 32% of them reached the goal recommended with the second dose 6 .…”

“…Thus, we can observe the significant role the nursing professional plays in this scenario. In Brazil, this professional is mostly responsible for the management of primary health care services and is at the forefront of vaccination campaigns, playing an extremely politically relevant role in gaining a better adhesion of adolescents, besides being a reference for the health team 7 - 8 , 10 - 12 .…”

“…Given this context and a lack of Brazilian literature on vaccination and environment specific to the adolescent public, we seek to understand the factors related to the low vaccination rate of HPV vaccination among adolescents, especially from the perspective of the social environment. From the point of view of individual factors, the scientific literature shows that low educational level, low income, difficulty in accessing health services, place of residence, dogmas brought by the media and religious beliefs, in addition to low knowledge and information about the epidemiology of HPV cancer and its vaccine, are predictors for low vaccination rate within this public 6 - 7 , 9 - 13 .…”