Conifers from the cold

Savolainen, Outi; Hurme, P.

doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-8882-0_3

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…A problem with interpreting geographical variation in conifers in Scandinavia is that factors other than natural selection can in principle affect the pattern of variation observed, such as the immigration of genes in pollen transported over long distances and the times and routes of colonization after the last ice age by the particular species (e.g. Savolainen and Hurme 1997, Eriksson 1998). This is expected to be more expressed in seedling populations, which are studied under artificial conditions without any selection, than in adult populations in which natural selection has affected the genetic composition of the population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Requirement for far‐red light to maintain secondary needle extension growth in northern but not southern populations of Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine)

Clapham

Ekberg

Eriksson

et al. 2002

Physiologia Plantarum

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Extension growth of secondary needles is under photoperiodic control in Pinus sylvestris. To test for the effects of far-red light on maintaining this extension growth, seedlings of six populations originating from latitudes between 57 degrees and 67 degrees N were raised for 11 weeks in continuous incandescent (metal halogen) light at 300 &mgr;mol m-2 s-1 and 20 degrees C and then transferred at the same temperature to a daily regime of 8 h incandescent light (230 &mgr;mol m-2 s-1) followed by a 16 h day extension with cool white fluorescent light (40 &mgr;mol m-2 s-1, R/FR ratio 7.5) or with incandescent lamps (20 &mgr;mol m-2 s-1, R/FR ratio 2.0). For the seedlings from the three populations north of 64 degrees, needle extension growth over 42 days in the FR-poor day extension treatment was lower by up to 40% than in the FR-rich day extension treatment, whereas for the seedlings from the three southern populations the needle extension growth was similar in both day extension treatments. The requirement for FR in day extensions is characteristic of 'light-dominant' photoperiodic control mechanisms. It appears that P. sylvestris changes from dark-dominant night timekeeping to light-dominant day timekeeping with increasing latitude, as with the photoperiodic control of budset in Picea abies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Requirement for far‐red light to maintain secondary needle extension growth in northern but not southern populations of Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine)

Clapham

Ekberg

Eriksson

et al. 2002

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…In this respect, incorporating drought-tolerant genotypes in breeding programs seems worthwhile. Nevertheless, quantitative genetic studies in Norway spruce so far have mainly focused on local adaptation [18] and genetic variation for growth and wood quality traits [19,20]. So far, only a few investigations have addressed the genetics of drought response in Norway spruce [7,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Drought Stress on the Height Growth of Young Norway Spruce Full-Sib and Half-Sib Clonal Trials in Sweden and Finland

Hayatgheibi

Haapanen

Lundströmer³

et al. 2021

Forests

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The summer drought of 2018 was one of the most climatically severe events in Europe that led to record-breaking temperatures and wildfires in many parts of Europe. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of the 2018 drought on the phenotypic and genetic response of Norway spruce height growth using the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). To achieve this, the total cumulative height growth of about 6000 clones from 2016 to 2019 in four full-sib trials in Sweden, aged 6–7 years, and from 2017 to 2019 in two half-sib trials in Finland, aged 8–9 years, were measured. The results indicate that the 2018 drought caused reductions in the increment of trees. Although heritability estimates were similar to other reports for Norway spruce, the additive genetic variance was highly inflated in one of the visibly drought-damaged trials in Southern Sweden. Similarly, the genotype by environment (G × E) interaction was highly significant in the drought-damaged Southern Swedish trials. Both additive genetic and phenotypic correlations obtained between height increments in 2019 and final heights were the weakest in all studied trials, implying that the drought legacies might have influenced the recovery of trees in 2019. We may conclude that the severe drought can be an underlying factor for a strong G × E interaction and changes in the ranking of genotypes. Therefore, a selection of drought-resistant genotypes with a good growth capacity tested in variables sites should be considered as an important criterion for future breeding of Norway spruce.

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“…In northern Finland, environmental variation is assumed to be relatively straightforward. The altitudinal variation is limited and latitude and the concomitant variation in heat sum (degree days, DD) seem to explain most of the variation in tree performance (Persson, ; Savolainen & Hurme, ). Little is known about the role of variation in other abiotic parameters like soil conditions (Mäkitalo, ), but the large variation in the success of practical Scots pine plantations since 1911 is assumed to be at least partly due to variation in soil characteristics (Varmola et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature and soil fertility as regulators of tree line Scots pine growth and survival—implications for the acclimation capacity of northern populations

Rousi

Possen

Ruotsalainen

et al. 2017

Global Change Biology

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The acclimation capacity of leading edge tree populations is crucially important in a warming climate. Theoretical considerations suggest that adaptation through genetic change is needed, but this may be a slow process. Both positive and catastrophic outcomes have been predicted, while empirical studies have lagged behind theory development. Here we present results of a 30-year study of 55,000 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) trees, planted in 15 common gardens in three consecutive years near and beyond the present Scots pine tree line. Our results show that, contrary to earlier predictions, even long-distance transfers to the North can be successful when soil fertility is high. This suggests that present northern populations have a very high acclimation capacity. We also found that while temperature largely controls Scots pine growth, soil nutrient availability plays an important role-in concert with interpopulation genetic variation-in Scots pine survival and fitness in tree line conditions. These results suggest that rapid range expansions and substantial growth enhancements of Scots pine are possible in fertile sites as seed production and soil nutrient mineralization are both known to increase under a warming climate. Finally, as the ontogenetic pattern of tree mortality was highly site specific and unpredictable, our results emphasize the need for long-term field trials when searching for the factors that control fitness of trees in the variable edaphic and climatic conditions of the far North.

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Conifers from the cold

Cited by 8 publications

References 55 publications

Requirement for far‐red light to maintain secondary needle extension growth in northern but not southern populations of Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine)

Requirement for far‐red light to maintain secondary needle extension growth in northern but not southern populations of Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine)

The Impact of Drought Stress on the Height Growth of Young Norway Spruce Full-Sib and Half-Sib Clonal Trials in Sweden and Finland

Temperature and soil fertility as regulators of tree line Scots pine growth and survival—implications for the acclimation capacity of northern populations

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