Conjugate Electrospun 3D Gelatin Nanofiber Sponge for Rapid Hemostasis

Abstract

Developing an excellent hemostatic material with good biocompatibility and high blood absorption capacity for rapid hemostasis of deep non-compressible hemorrhage remains a significant challenge. Herein, a novel conjugate electrospinning strategy to prepare an ultralight 3D gelatin sponge consisting of continuous interconnected nanofibers. This unique fluffy nanofiber structure endows the sponge with low density, high surface area, compressibility, and ultrastrong liquid absorption capacity. In vitro assessments show the gelatin nanofiber sponge has good cytocompatibility, high cell permeability, and low hemolysis ratio. The rat subcutaneous implantation studies demonstrate good biocompatibility and biodegradability of gelatin nanofiber sponge. Gelatin nanofiber sponge aggregates and activates platelets in large quantities to accelerate the formation of platelet embolism, and simultaneously escalates other extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation pathways, which collectively contribute to its superior hemostatic capacity. In vivo studies on an ear artery injury model and a liver trauma model of rabbits demonstrate that the gelatin nanofiber sponge rapidly induce stable blood clots with least blood loss compared to gelatin nanofiber membrane, medical gauze, and commercial gelatin hemostatic sponge. Hence, the gelatin nanofiber sponge holds great potential as an absorbable hemostatic agent for rapid hemostasis.

Bio-inspired, bio-degradable adenosine 5′-diphosphate-modified hyaluronic acid coordinated hydrophobic undecanal-modified chitosan for hemostasis and wound healing

“…The bulk state of the materials can prevent blood loss from the wounded area by forming a physical barrier, and the porous structure of the materials provides high surface area and large volume for wound exudes absorbance and blood component adhesion. The wound exudes absorbance can extract fluid in the blood that concentrates blood cells, proteins, and other active ingredients [ 44 ], simultaneously, these components could adhere to the surface of the materials and reinforce them through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Meanwhile, the functional group of the material can activate the adhered platelets and promote coagulation cascades that facilitate the coagulation system in both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, which eventually contribute to its prominent hemostatic properties ( Fig.…”

Dual-Driven Hemostats Featured with Puncturing Erythrocytes for Severe Bleeding in Complex Wounds

“…To determine the coagulation mechanism, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) assays were performed as reported previously [ 37 ]. Furthermore, also as previously reported, a whole blood coagulation assay was conducted [ 37 ].…”

“…To determine the coagulation mechanism, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) assays were performed as reported previously [ 37 ]. Furthermore, also as previously reported, a whole blood coagulation assay was conducted [ 37 ]. In short, particles (10 mg) were mixed with anticoagulant blood and CaCl 2 (60 μ L, 0.2 M), and the blood coagulation time was recorded.…”

State-of-the-Art Review of Electrospun Gelatin-Based Nanofiber Dressings for Wound Healing Applications

“…The double layered dressing exhibited high antibacterial activity and biocompatibility, and notably better promoted the in vivo wound healing activities than commercial gauze. Xie et al developed a 3D gelatin nanofiber sponge by using a combination of modified electrospinning technique and subsequent heat crosslinking treatment ( Figure 6 ) [ 132 ]. The gelatin nanofiber sponge exhibited light weight, water-unsolvable, and high blood absorption ability, which could speed up the generation of platelet embolism and activate coagulation pathways.…”