Conjugated linoleic acid content of human plasma

Zlatanos, Spiros; Laskaridis, Kostas; Sagredos, A. N.

doi:10.1186/1476-511x-7-34

Cited by 40 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…All analyzed black mussels contained a significantly lower amount of EPA (4.7-7.05% of total FA). These results are similar to Zlatanos [23] and Dernekbasi et al [3] investigations on farmed Mediterranean and Black Sea mussels. In contrast, Orban et al [22] and Badiu et al [24] find higher EPA than DHA levels in wild black mussels from the Adriatic, the Tyrrhenian and the Romanian Black Sea coasts.…”

Section: Fatty Acid Compositionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The PUFA content of the analyzed mollusks is in agreement with previous research data. Some authors determine PUFA levels ranging from 24.63% to 68.00% for black mussels from the Mediterranean, the Black and the Adriatic Sea and our results are within these levels [21,23,26]. Only Prato et al [16] show a significantly lower PUFA levels for mussels from Mar Grande of Taranto (7.55-11.16%) in comparison to our findings.…”

Section: Fatty Acid Compositionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…However, several studies show that bivalves can use other food sources such as detritus, bacteria, micro-and mesozooplankton [20,21]. Orban et al [22] and Zlatanos [23] present a relative pattern PUFA>SFA>MUFA in the black mussel from the Adriatic coast and a local Mediterranean mussel farm. Our results are in agreement with these reported by Orban and Zlatanos.…”

Section: Fatty Acid Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional evaluation of aquaculture mussels (M. galloprovincialis) from the Black Sea, Bulgaria

Merdzhanova

Dobreva

Georgieva

2016

Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry

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In recent years black mussels are one of the most commercially important species from the Bulgarian Black Sea. The marine mollusks are valuable healthy food, low in calories and fats and high in proteins. They are a major dietary source of fat soluble pigments - astaxanthin, carotenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). To our knowledge the information about the nutritional quality of mussels from the Bulgarian Black Sea waters, based on chemical composition, fat soluble pigments, cholesterol and PUFA content is very limited. The aim of the present study is to determine and compare protein, lipid, carbohydrate and energy values, fat soluble pigments, cholesterol and fatty acid composition in farmed mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the Bulgarian northern and southern parts of the Black Sea coast. The mussel samples were analyzed for lipids (Bligh & Dyer method), crude proteins (Kjeldahl method), carbohydrates and moistures according to the AOAC (1990) methods. Fatty acids were analyzed by the GC-MS system. Fat soluble pigments and cholesterol were analyzed simultaneously by the RP-HPLC system. Lipid and protein content were found to be higher in mussels from the northern region. In accordance with the Commission Regulation (EC) No. 116/2010 all analyzed mussel samples can be classified as high in protein and low in fats and carbohydrates. The amount of cholesterol, contained in all mussel populations is significantly low, while the omega-3 (n-3) is significantly higher than the omega-6 PUFA. A portion of 100 g edible tissue provides 0.500 g more of the required amount of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) n-3 PUFA according to EFSA (2012). It can be concluded that the studied mussel aquaculture in the Black Sea is beneficial food for the human health and it is advisable to be part of a proper or a preventive diet of Bulgarian consumers.

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Section: Fatty Acid Compositionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Fatty Acid Compositionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Fatty Acid Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional evaluation of aquaculture mussels (M. galloprovincialis) from the Black Sea, Bulgaria

Merdzhanova

Dobreva

Georgieva

2016

Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry

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“…In this study, the increase in CLA in the plasma after CLA ingestion (about eightfold) was larger than that in previous reports (11,19,20). Furthermore, 10t12c-18:2 was clearly detected in the plasma, in contrast to reports indicating that 10t12c-18:2 was not detected in human plasma after intake of equal weights of 9c11t-18:2 and 10t12c-18:2 (11, 19, 20).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

The Change in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Concentration in Blood of Japanese Fed a Conjugated Linoleic Acid Diet

Sato

Shinohara

Honma

et al. 2011

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term used for fatty acids with a conjugated double bond that are geometrical and positional isomers of linoleic acid. Antiobesity and anti-cancer properties, an immunopotentiation effect, and promotion of bone formation by CLA have been shown in cell culture and animal studies. A mixture of 9c11t-and 10t12c-CLA is now used as a health food supplement after testing in clinical trials. These trials focused on improvement of lipid metabolism by CLA, whereas few studies have examined absorption and metabolism of CLA in humans. In addition, there is no report concerning absorption and metabolism of CLA in Japanese. This study was designed to examine CLA concentration in blood, the elimination rate of CLA, and metabolic differences between 9c11t-CLA and 10t12c-CLA in blood in Japanese who ingested CLA (about 2 g/d, equal weights of 9c11t-CLA and 10t12c-CLA) for 3 wk. Blood samples were collected 1 wk before the 3-wk period, on the first and last days of the period, and 1 wk after the end of the period, and the CLA concentration and distribution in blood were investigated. The CLA concentration in blood was significantly increased by CLA ingestion and reached 36 mol/L. The CLA concentration in blood one week after the intake period was significantly lower than that at the end of CLA intake. The 10t12c-CLA level in plasma decreased faster than that of 9c11t-CLA. This suggests faster metabolism (fatty acid ␤ oxidation) of 10t12c-CLA compared with 9c11t-CLA. Key Words conjugated fatty acid, CLA, conjugated linoleic acid, metabolism, human Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term used for fatty acids with a conjugated double bond that are geometrical and positional isomers of linoleic acid. CLA isomers with conjugated double bonds at positions 7 and 9, 8 and 10, 9 and 11, 10 and 12, and 11 and 13 are known, with the main natural CLA isomer having a 9-cis, 11-trans configuration (9c11t-CLA). Anti-obesity and anti-cancer properties, an immunopotentiation effect, and promotion of bone formation by CLA have been shown in cell culture and animal studies ( 1-4 ). A mixture of 9c11t-and 10t12c-CLA is now used as a health food supplement after testing in clinical trials ( 5-7 ). These trials focused on improvement of lipid metabolism by CLA, whereas few studies have examined absorption and metabolism of CLA in humans. However, animal studies suggest greater accumulation of 9c11t-CLA than 10t12c-CLA in vivo ( 8-10 ).Safe and effective use of CLA requires information on absorption and metabolism in humans. In this study, we measured CLA concentrations in blood, the rate of elimination of CLA, metabolic differences between 9c11t-and 10t12c-CLA, and CLA distribution in blood in healthy subjects who ingested CLA (about 2 g/d, equal weights of 9c11t-and 10t12c-CLA) for 3 wk. Blood samples were collected before and after the 3-wk period. The CLA concentration in blood increased after CLA ingestion, and decreased at one week after intake compared with at the end of CLA inta...

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“…Humans supplemented with 500 mg per day of equal amounts CLA-c9t11 and CLA-t10c12 for 6 months, had blood CLA-c9t11 levels reaching approximately 0.2 % of plasma fat (equivalent to a maximum of ~ 6.5 ug/ml of plasma) but CLA-t10c12 only reached 0.03%. (~0.1 ug/mL of plasma ~0.36 uM) [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CLA isomer t10,c12 induce oxidation and apoptosis in 3t3 adipocyte cells in a similar effect as omega-3 linolenic acid and DHA.

Meadus¹,

Vahmani²,

Duff³

et al. 2017

FFHD

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Citation: Meadus WJ, Vahmani P, Duff P, Zantinge JL, Turner TD, and Dugan M.E.R. Oxidation and apoptosis are induced by CLA-t10c12 similar to DHA in 3T3 adipocyte cells. Functional Foods in Health and Disease 2017; 7(2): 149-167 ABSTRACT Background: Commercial conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) dietary supplements contain an equal mixture of the C18:2 isomers, cis-9trans-11 and trans-10cis-12. Predominantly, CLAc9t11 occurs naturally in meat and dairy products at ~ 0.5% of total fat , whereas CLAt10c12 occurs at > 0.1%. Recent studies show that CLA-c9t11 generally promotes lipid accumulation but CLA-t10c12 may inhibit lipid accumulation and may also promote inflammation. The omega-3 fatty acids α-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have also been observed to inhibit lipid accumulation and effect inflammation; therefore we examined the effects of the two main isomers of CLA and omega -3 fatty acids C18:3n-3 and DHA at the molecular level to determine if they are causing similar oxidative stresses.Methods: Purified CLA-c9t11 and CLA-t10c12 were added to 3T3 cells induced into mature adipocyte cultures at 100uM concentrations and compared with 100uM C18:3n-3 (α-linolenic acid) and 50uM docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to observe their effect on growth, gene transcription and general oxidation. The results of multiple separate trials were averaged and compared for significance at levels of P < 0.05, using one way ANOVA and Student's t-test.Results: C18:3n-3, DHA and CLA-t10c12 inhibited 3T3 adipose cell growth and caused a significant increase in lipid hydro peroxide activity. CLA-t10c12 and c9t11 increased AFABP, FAS and ACOX1 mRNA gene expression but DHA and C18:3n-3 decreased the same mRNAs. CLA-c9t11 but not the t10c12 stimulated adipoQ expression even though; CLA-c9t11 had only a slightly greater affinity for PPARγ than CLA-t10c12, according to TR-FRET assays. The expression of the xenobiotic metabolism genes, aldo-keto reductase 1c1 (akr1c1), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and inflammation chemokine secretions of eotaxin (CCL11), Rantes (CCL5), MIG (CCL9) and MCP-1 were increased by DHA, C18:3n-3 and CLA-t10c12 but not CLA-c9t11. This correlated with an increase in apoptosis factors, caspase 3, Bcl-2 and BAXs. Apoptosis factors were partially reduced by co-treatment with lipophilic anti-oxidant α-tocopherol.Conclusions: CLA-t10c12 stimulated the production of more reactive oxygen species (ROS) than CLA-c9t11. In response, cascades of genes are activated in detoxification, inflammation or apoptosis, to deal with the potentially damaging effects of ROS including CCL5 and MCP-1. This was similar to treatment with the omega-3 fatty acids but the fat metabolic enzymes were generally inhibited by C18:3n-3 and DHA except CLA-t10c12 which did not stimulate adipoQ.

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Conjugated linoleic acid content of human plasma

Cited by 40 publications

References 21 publications

Nutritional evaluation of aquaculture mussels (M. galloprovincialis) from the Black Sea, Bulgaria

Nutritional evaluation of aquaculture mussels (M. galloprovincialis) from the Black Sea, Bulgaria

The Change in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Concentration in Blood of Japanese Fed a Conjugated Linoleic Acid Diet

CLA isomer t10,c12 induce oxidation and apoptosis in 3t3 adipocyte cells in a similar effect as omega-3 linolenic acid and DHA.

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