Conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) isomers as new bioactive lipid compounds
in ruminant-derived food products. A review

Białek, Małgorzata; Czauderna, M.; Białek, Agnieszka

doi:10.22358/jafs/68862/2017

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…CFA were present in similar amounts in femoral muscles of all examined groups, even in the control group fed diet without any sources of CLnA. In muscles and mammary glands, Δ9‐desaturase (D9D) occurs and in ruminants is responsible for formation of RA from the vaccenic acid ( trans 11C18:1, VA) . The highest value of total and C16:0 D9D was reported in muscles of control group (Table ) and seems to be the reason of the highest content of CFA, CD, tt CD, cc CD, cct CT in this group (Table ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Prior to chromatographic analysis biological materials were subjected to alkaline hydrolysis. In order to determine the isomers of CFA and their metabolites (CD and CT) by HPLC, four ion‐exchange columns loaded with silver ions (Chromspher Lipids 5 µm, 250 × 4.6 mm) and a photodiode array detector (PDA) were used . Total FA profile was determined as methyl esters with addition of nonadecanoic acid (C19:0) as the internal standard (IS).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Punica granatum (Pomegranate) Seed Oil and Momordica charantia (Bitter Melon) Extract Affect the Lipid's Profile and Oxidative Stability of Femoral Muscles of Rats

Białek

Lepionka

et al. 2019

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Pomegranate seed oil (PSO) and bitter melon extract (BM), used in folk medicine nowadays are available as dietary supplements, but information about consequences of their simultaneous usage are still scarce. This study aims to evaluate the influence of supplementation of rats’ diet with PSO separately or jointly with BM on the fatty acid (FA), cholesterol, malondialdehyde (MDA), and tocopherols concentrations in femoral muscles. Sprague‐Dawley rats (n = 36) are fed control diet (group C) or experimental diets supplemented only with 0.15 ml PSO/day (group G) or together with BM (group GM). After 21 weeks of supplementation, muscles are subjected to either gas (FA and cholesterol) or liquid (conjugated FA, tocopherols, and MDA) chromatographic analyses. Applied diets do not influence negatively health and welfare of animals. Conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) isomers, predominating in PSO, are converted into ct/tc conjugated dienes (CD), with rumenic acid being the main CD, and incorporated into muscles. Supplementation of diet with PSO decreases the cholesterol and MDA contents in muscles. Influence of PSO and BM on activity of desaturases results in varied polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) content. Some PUFA may be converted into conjugated FA either exogenously or as a result of enzymatic or non‐enzymatic processes. Practical Applications: Dietary sources of conjugated linolenic acid isomer, e.g., PSO and BM, are known for their beneficial properties and thus willingly consumed world‐wide. Limited safety information of their simultaneous use is available despite their over‐consumption and may probably cause adverse effects. PSO and BM given to rats improves a lipid profile of femoral muscles, decreases cholesterol, increases polyunsaturated fatty acids and rumenic acid content, and counteracts lipid oxidation. These results may be a starting point for experiments conducted on farm animals considering their supplementation with PSO in order to possible improvement of nutritional value of their meat. After detailed surveys confirming beneficial influence of both supplements on human health and well‐being, these botanicals may be safely introduced into human diet. This study evaluates the influence of supplementation of rats’ diet with pomegranate seed oil separately or jointly with bitter melon extract on fatty acid, cholesterol, malondialdehyde, and tocopherols concentrations in femoral muscles. After 21 weeks of supplementation, muscles are subjected to either gas or liquid chromatographic analyses. Supplementation of diet with pomegranate seed oil decreases cholesterol and malondialdehyde contents.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Punica granatum (Pomegranate) Seed Oil and Momordica charantia (Bitter Melon) Extract Affect the Lipid's Profile and Oxidative Stability of Femoral Muscles of Rats

Białek

Lepionka

et al. 2019

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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“…Recently, an increasing number of studies have examined the effects of CLnA, due to their beneficial properties . Plant seeds (pomegranate or bitter melon seeds) are rich in CLnA isomers (40–80 g/100 g of total FA), formed from conversion of 18:3n‐3 by conjugase enzyme . These CLnA isomers are conjugated trienes (e.g., cis ‐9, trans ‐11, cis ‐13, and cis ‐9, trans‐ 11, trans ‐13).…”

Section: Implication Of the Milk Lipid Fractions On Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk Fat Globule in Ruminant: Major and Minor Compounds, Nutritional Regulation and Differences Among Species

Bernard

Bonnet

Delavaud

et al. 2018

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Recent knowledge is presented on the composition of ruminant milk fat fractions and the nutritional strategies known to alter their amount. The development of lipidomic and proteomic analyses has allowed for the characterization of minor components, such as proteins, liposoluble vitamins, and phospholipids of the milk fat globule (MFG), in addition to the triacylglycerols (TAG), which are the major constituents of the MFG core. Few differences in these components among ruminant species exist, and they have been outlined mainly on the fatty acids (FA) profile of the TAG, whereas comparative data are still lacking on vitamins and proteins. The effects of dietary treatments enriched in n‐3 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) on the composition of the milk fat fraction are explored. In particular, pasture and plant oilseeds increase milk n‐3 PUFA and cis‐9,trans‐11 CLA and decrease saturated FA, whereas data with new feed resources, such as algae, are still rare. The peculiarities of the response of the milk fat to diets that induce a milk fat depression in cows but in lesser extent in small ruminants are described. The potential effects of polar lipids, proteins, and liposoluble vitamins of the MFG on human health are reviewed, highlighting the nutraceutical properties of milk. Practical Applications: This review provides an overview of the different components of the milk fat fraction in ruminant species and on nutritional strategies to alter their amounts to improve the nutritional quality of milk. Furthermore, this review presents recent data on species peculiarities of the milk fat fraction composition and of its response to nutritional factors, which offers a promising model to identify news levers of regulation of this fraction and foster the identification of new feeding strategies to better control milk fat composition and feed efficiency. This review synthesizes data on the composition of the milk fat fraction in ruminant species, reports advances in nutritional strategies to alter their amounts and species‐specific responses to nutrition, as well as the potential effects on human health of the major and minor components of this fraction.

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“…In Asia, Africa, and Latin America where tradition of cheese manufacturing and the number of cheese types is much smaller, still there are other types of dairy products (e.g., yogurt drinks in Arabic countries) considered as traditional food [1]. Technological progress has led to a multitude of different types of cheese on the market, varying in texture and biological functions [11]. Among them conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) and especially c9t11C18:2 (rumenic acid; RA) are important because of their wide health-promoting biological activities, which were studied in vitro, and in vivo in animal models and human studies [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among them conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) and especially c9t11C18:2 (rumenic acid; RA) are important because of their wide health-promoting biological activities, which were studied in vitro, and in vivo in animal models and human studies [12]. Also other CFA can be present in cheese fat because of the activity of ruminal microbiota [11] as well as the activity of bacterial flora present in cheese, as different strains of lactic bacteria are able to increase CFA content in food products [13,14]. Odd-and branched-chain fatty (OCFA and BCFA) are another important group of specific FA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemometric Analysis of Fatty Acids Profile of Ripening Chesses

Białek

Lepionka

et al. 2020

Molecules

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The number of different types of cheese worldwide exceeds 4000 and dairy fat, composed of about 400 fatty acids (FA), is one of the most complex dietary fats. Cheeses are valuable sources of different bioactive FA, i.e., conjugated FA (CFA). The aim of present study was to determine FA profile of commercially available ripening cheeses, with the special emphasis on CFA profile. Multivariate analyses (cluster analysis (CA), principal component Analysis (PCA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA)) of chromatographic data have been proposed as an objective approach for evaluation and data interpretation. CA enabled the differentiation of ripening cheeses from fresh cheeses and processed cheeses. PCA allowed to differentiate some types of ripening cheese whereas proposed LDA model, based on 22 analyzed FA, enabled assessing cheeses type with average predictive sensitivities of 86.5%. Results of present study clearly demonstrated that FA and CFA content may not only contribute to overall nutritional characteristics of cheese but also, when coupled with chemometric techniques, may be used as chemical biomarkers for assessing the origin and/or the type of ripening cheeses and the confirmation of their authenticity, which is of utmost importance for consumers.

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Conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) isomers as new bioactive lipid compounds in ruminant-derived food products. A review

Cited by 19 publications

References 80 publications

Punica granatum (Pomegranate) Seed Oil and Momordica charantia (Bitter Melon) Extract Affect the Lipid's Profile and Oxidative Stability of Femoral Muscles of Rats

Punica granatum (Pomegranate) Seed Oil and Momordica charantia (Bitter Melon) Extract Affect the Lipid's Profile and Oxidative Stability of Femoral Muscles of Rats

Milk Fat Globule in Ruminant: Major and Minor Compounds, Nutritional Regulation and Differences Among Species

Chemometric Analysis of Fatty Acids Profile of Ripening Chesses

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