Conjugated microporous polymers: design, synthesis and application

Xu, Yanhong; Jin, Shangbin; Xu, Hong; Nagai, Atsushi; Jiang, Donglin

doi:10.1039/c3cs60160a

Cited by 1,543 publications

(1,038 citation statements)

References 113 publications

(144 reference statements)

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“…Both polymeric materials are nanoporous, cationic, and highly stable in water, even in the presence of acid (1 M HCl) or base (1 M NaOH). Their porosity and ionic surfaces are responsible for high affinities and adsorption capacities for iodine vapor.Porous covalent organic polymers (COPs) are well known for their diverse applications in fields such as gas storage and separation, [1][2][3][4] catalysis, [5][6][7][8] sensing, [9,10] drug delivery, [11] and environmental remediation. [12] In order to design COPs with improved functionality, considerable research has been undertaken to understand the relationship between the morphologies and properties of these materials.…”

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confidence: 99%

Morphological Diversity in Nanoporous Covalent Organic Materials Derived from Viologen and Pyrene

Das¹,

Škorjanc²,

Sharma

et al. 2017

ChemNanoMat

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Adjustment of the morphology of covalent organic nanomaterials is a challenge but can be achieved by perturbing the planarity of the monomers used as core moieties in these polymers. Here we describe a templatefree Zincke reaction for the synthesis of covalent organic nanosheets (CONs) that stack several layers thick and of covalent organic tubes (COTs). Both materials contain the same viologen linker but different pyrene-based cores. Both polymeric materials are nanoporous, cationic, and highly stable in water, even in the presence of acid (1 M HCl) or base (1 M NaOH). Their porosity and ionic surfaces are responsible for high affinities and adsorption capacities for iodine vapor.Porous covalent organic polymers (COPs) are well known for their diverse applications in fields such as gas storage and separation, [1][2][3][4] catalysis, [5][6][7][8] sensing, [9,10] drug delivery, [11] and environmental remediation. [12] In order to design COPs with improved functionality, considerable research has been undertaken to understand the relationship between the morphologies and properties of these materials. [13][14][15] It has been observed that the morphology of COPs can be tuned by changing the symmetry of their constituent building blocks, but precise regulation of COP nanostructure remains a challenging task.Syntheses of covalent organic hollow tubes (COTs) and nanosheets (CONs) are of interest because their large surface areas facilitate the adsorption of small molecule guests. Porous, template-free COPs with uniform tube morphology have been used for device manufacturing [16] and catalysis, [17,18] but reports of the synthesis and application of this type of material remain scarce. Studies of covalent nanosheets are more prevalent, but, this type of material is obtained by either liquid phase exfoliation [19] or mechanical delamination, [20] and these two methods often result in low surface areas because the mechanical forces involved often cause pore blockage. In short, syntheses that rely on mechanical techniques for isolating nanosheets tend to be expensive and non-scalable and produce materials that have limited adsorption efficiency. Designing an efficient and green approach to the large-scale synthesis of porous CONs stacked several (or fewer) layers thick is an open challenge. [21] In general, porous COPs are synthesized from neutral building blocks, which limits the range of application for the materials. For example, neutral COPs are not optimal for the uptake of charged species, including toxic ionic guest molecules. To address this issue, we have begun to develop charged COPs that incorporate redox-active viologens and are capable of adsorbing iodine vapor, toxic dyes, and metal ions by anion exchange. [22,23] Despite their great potential, viologen-based COPs are still rarely documented in the literature, though Li et al. [24] have reported supramolecular organic frameworks (SOFs) that contain viologen struts and form in water.Herein, we report a one-pot, template-free solvothermal synthesis ...

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confidence: 99%

Morphological Diversity in Nanoporous Covalent Organic Materials Derived from Viologen and Pyrene

Das¹,

Škorjanc²,

Sharma

et al. 2017

ChemNanoMat

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“…Galvanostatic discharge/charge curves (a) and cycling performance (b) of the Li||PAF-S cell under a current rate of 0.05 C in 1 mol/L LiPF 6 /MiPS at 25 [55] 18 [118] Figure 18 Chemical structure of hyperbranched polyphenylene [118] , N PAF-carbon , , N .…”

Section: Figure 17mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoelectronic Porous Covalent Organic Materials: Research Progress and Perspective

Wu¹,

Yu'ang²,

Guo³

et al. 2015

Acta Chim. Sinica

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Porous covalent organic materials (COM) are a class of multi-dimensional and multi-functional porous materials, which are built via covalent bond of colorful organic building blocks. COM materials possess inherent optimized pore size allowing ion migration, and high specific surface area, providing the possibility of formation of an electrostatic charge-separation layer, a conjugated system resulting in light-harvesting properties and a highly ordered structure, enabling the formation of conductive paths. In this review, we summary the applications on semiconductor, photolysis of water, solar cell, oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cell, lithium-ion/sulfur battery basing on COM materials. Meanwhile, we also propose the design strategy for photoelectronic materials. Although the development of COMs as photoelectronic materials is still in its infancy, COM materials has being attracting ever-increasing attention and open a new window in this field.

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“…Until now, numerous MOPs including crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs) [10], covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) [11], benzimidazole-linked polymers (BILPs) [12], porous polymer networks (PPNs) [13], hyper-crosslinked polymers (HCPs) [14], conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) [15], polymers of intrinsic microporousity (PIMs) [16] and porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) [17] have been synthesized via different polymerization reactions and versatile synthons. Amorphous polymers have received more and more attention owing to the tunable pore size, high stability and controllable reaction than crystalline networks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of nitrogen-rich polymers by click polymerization reaction and gas sorption property

Song

Duan

2018

Preprint

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Microporous organic polymers (MOPs) are promising materials for gas sorption because of the intrinsic and permanent porosity, designable framework and low density. The introduction of nitrogen-rich building block in MOPs will greatly enhance the gas sorption capacity. Here, we report the synthesis of MOPs from the 2,4,6-tris(4-ethynylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine unit and aromatic azides linkers via click polymerization reaction. FTIR and solid state 13 C CP-MAS NMR confirm the formation of the polymers. CMOP-1 and CMOP-2 exhibit microporous networks with BET surface area of 431 and 406 m 2 g -1 and narrow pore size distribution under 1.2 nm. Gas sorption isotherms including CO2 and H2 were measured. CMOP-1 stores superior CO2 level of 8.2 wt% (1.88 mmol g -1 ) at 273 K/1.0 bar and H2 uptake up to 0.6 wt% at 77 K/1.0 bar, while CMOP-2 with smaller surface area shows lower CO2 adsorption capacity of 7.3 wt% (1.66 mmol˙g -1 ) and H2 uptake (0.5 wt%). In addition, I2 vapor adsorption was tested at 353 K. CMOP-1 shows higher gravimetric load of 160 wt%. Despite of the moderate surface area, the CMOPs display excellent sorption ability for CO2 and I2 due to the nitrogen-rich content in the polymers.

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Conjugated microporous polymers: design, synthesis and application

Cited by 1,543 publications

References 113 publications

Morphological Diversity in Nanoporous Covalent Organic Materials Derived from Viologen and Pyrene

Morphological Diversity in Nanoporous Covalent Organic Materials Derived from Viologen and Pyrene

Photoelectronic Porous Covalent Organic Materials: Research Progress and Perspective

Synthesis of nitrogen-rich polymers by click polymerization reaction and gas sorption property

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