Conjunctival chloroma (granulocytic sarcoma)

Hon, Charmaine; Shek, Twh; Liang, Rongzhang

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)09294-2

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In addition, authors have reported typical and unusual neurologic presentations of EML, such as compression neuropathy . Another study demonstrated conjunctival lesions with only minimal patchy BM involvement …”

Section: Clinical Presentations Of Emlmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Is acute myeloid leukemia a liquid tumor?

Ohanian

Faderl

Ravandi

et al. 2013

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Extramedullary manifestations of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were described as early as the 19th century. However, the incidence, clinical significance, and pathobiology of extramedullary AML remain ill defined. We reviewed case reports, retrospective case series, pilot studies, and imaging studies of extramedullary leukemia (EML) to determine its frequency, characteristics, clinical presentation, and significance. EML precedes or accompanies development of AML and occurs during or following treatment, even during remission. Although imaging studies are rarely conducted and the true incidence of EML has yet to be verified, authors have reported several estimates based on retrospective and autopsy studies. The incidence of EML in patients with AML of all ages is estimated to be about 9% and EML in children with AML was detected in 40% of patients at diagnosis. The combination of positron emission tomography and computed tomography were the most sensitive and reliable techniques of detecting and monitoring EML. Based on our literature review, the frequency of EML is likely underreported. The well-documented nature of EML in AML patients suggests that AML can manifest as a solid tumor. The extent to which EML accompanies AML and whether EML is derived from bone marrow are unknown. Furthermore, questions remain regarding the role of the microenvironment, which may or may not facilitate the survival and proliferation of EML, and the implications of these interactions with regard to minimal residual disease, tumor cell quiescence, and relapse. Therefore, prospective studies of detection and characterization of EML in AML patients are warranted.

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Section: Clinical Presentations Of Emlmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…55 Another study demonstrated conjunctival lesions with only minimal patchy BM involvement. 78 Isolated EML at relapse EML can present as isolated evidence of relapse without BM involvement. Usually, BM relapse ensues months to years after EML diagnosis.…”

Section: Eml Concurrent With the Diagnosis Of Aml Mds Or Mpnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is acute myeloid leukemia a liquid tumor?

Ohanian

Faderl

Ravandi

et al. 2013

Intl Journal of Cancer

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show abstract

“…Among the 5 previously mentioned patients receiving external beam radiation, all had somewhat favorable ocular outcomes (although not necessarily favorable overall systemic outcomes). 2,4,5,7,10 …”

Section: Discussion and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Granulocytic Sarcoma: A Case Report and Literature Review of Ocular Extramedullary Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Ohanian¹,

Borthakur²,

Quintás‐Cardama³

et al. 2013

Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma and Leukemia

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“…The underlying sclera, ciliary body, and uvea appeared normal. T tumour S sclera CB ciliary body kaemia and all were in adults with only one bilateral occurrence [3][4][5]8]. Only Zimmerman and Font, more than 30 years ago, described a paediatric case of bilateral nodular conjunctival infiltrates in AML, but a subtype was not specified [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each of the other reported cases were in adults, as were the cases of acute monocytic and acute myelomonocytic leukaemia with conjunctival disease [8]. Interestingly, all but one of the adult patients were noted to exhibit complete resolution of ocular infiltration and symptoms with chemotherapy or radiotherapy [3][4][5]8]. However, the majority died within 1 year, suggesting that a poor prognosis may be associated with conjunctival granulocytic sarcomas [2,8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%