Conjunctival Papilloma and Human Papillomavirus: Identification of HPV Types by PCR

Minchiotti, Simona; Masucci, Luca; Santos, Myrna Serapião dos; Perrella, Eleonora; Graffeo, Rosalia; Lambìase, Alessandro; Bombardieri, Stefano

doi:10.1177/112067210601600320

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Putative koilocytes have been identified in HPV 6/11-associated benign laryngeal papillomas (Martins et al, 2008), high-risk HPV 16-associated malignant oesophageal lesions (Miller et al, 1997), high-risk HPV 11-associated conjunctival papilloma (Minchiotti et al, 2006), HPV 6/11-associated benign ductal papillomas of the salivary glands (Haberland-Carrodeguas et al, 2003), and high-risk HPV 16 in bladder cancers (Aggarwal et al, 2009). These associations between the presence of HPVs and koilocytosis are in addition to their well-established associations in anogenital cancers (Boon and Kok, 1985).…”

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confidence: 92%

Koilocytes indicate a role for human papilloma virus in breast cancer

et al. 2009

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BACKGROUND: High-risk human papilloma viruses (HPVs) are candidates as causal viruses in breast cancer. The scientific challenge is to determine whether HPVs are causal and not merely passengers or parasites. Studies of HPV-related koilocytes in breast cancer offer an opportunity to address this crucial issue. Koilocytes are epithelial cells characterised by perinuclear haloes surrounding condensed nuclei and are commonly present in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Koilocytosis is accepted as pathognomonic (characteristic of a particular disease) of HPV infection. The aim of this investigation is to determine whether putative koilocytes in normal and malignant breast tissues are because of HPV infection. METHODS: Archival formalin-fixed normal and malignant breast specimens were investigated by histology, in situ PCR with confirmation of the findings by standard PCR and sequencing of the products, plus immunohistochemistry to identify HPV E6 oncoproteins. RESULTS: human papilloma virus-associated koilocytes were present in normal breast skin and lobules and in the breast skin and cancer tissue of patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs). INTERPRETATION: As koilocytes are known to be the precursors of some HPV-associated cervical cancer, it follows that HPVs may be causally associated with breast cancer.

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confidence: 92%

Koilocytes indicate a role for human papilloma virus in breast cancer

et al. 2009

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“…In the 1980s, when human papilloma viruses first received attention for their role in the pathogenesis of anogenital cancers, the literature documented detection of HPV DNA in conjunctival papilloma. 125,145,181 Subsequently, various strains of HPV have been identified in conjunctival papilloma 9,41,42,62,63 and conjunctival carcinoma, 28,150,153,164,196,207,209,217 and also in select reports of primary tumors of the lacrimal sac. 136,163 As the role of infectious agents in the pathogenesis of ocular adnexal neoplasms is further elucidated by research, a clinical approach similar to that already employed in cervical cancer or gastric MALT lymphoma will be undertaken.…”

Section: A the Role Of Infectious Agents In Malignancymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Infectious Agents in the Etiology of Ocular Adnexal Neoplasia

Verma

Shen

Sieving

et al. 2008

Survey of Ophthalmology

114

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Given the fact that infectious agents contribute to around 18% of human cancers worldwide, it would seem prudent to explore their role in neoplasms of the ocular adnexa: primary malignancies of the conjunctiva, lacrimal glands, eyelids, and orbit. By elucidating the mechanisms by which infectious agents contribute to oncogenesis, the management, treatment, and prevention of these neoplasms may one day parallel what is already in place for cancers such as cervical cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma. Antibiotic treatment and vaccines against infectious agents may herald a future with a curtailed role for traditional therapies of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Unlike other malignancies for which large epidemiological studies are available, analyzing ocular adnexal neoplasms is challenging as they are relatively rare. Additionally, putative infectious agents seemingly display an immense geographic variation that has led to much debate regarding the relative importance of one organism versus another. This review discusses the pathogenetic role of several microorganisms in different ocular adnexal malignancies, including human papilloma virus in conjunctival papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma, human immunodeficiency virus in conjunctival squamous carcinoma, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus or human herpes simplex virus-8 (KSHV/HHV-8) in conjunctival Kaposi sarcoma, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori,), Chlamydia, and hepatitis C virus in ocular adnexal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas. Unlike cervical cancer where a single infectious agent, human papilloma virus, is found in greater than 99% of lesions, multiple organisms may play a role in the etiology of certain ocular adnexal neoplasms by acting through similar mechanisms of oncogenesis, including chronic antigenic stimulation and the action of infectious oncogenes. However, similar to other human malignancies, ultimately the role of infectious agents in ocular adnexal neoplasms is most likely as a cofactor to genetic and environmental risk factors.

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“…10,11 Conjunctival papillomas are associated most commonly with low-risk types 6 and 11 (especially in children) and rarely with high-risk types 16,18, and 33 (especially in adults). [6][7][8][9]13 Conjunctival papilloma in infants whose mother had documented genital HPV infection has led to the speculation that the virus could be inoculated into the newborn's conjunctiva during vaginal birth. 14,15 In adults, the mechanism of infection is believed to be selfinoculation.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…4,5 A causal relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) and conjunctival papilloma has been documented in 5% to 45% of cases. [6][7][8][9] Based on the association with cervical carcinogenesis, HPV has been divided into 2 types: high risk (types 16, 18, 33, and 31) and low risk (types 6 and 11). 10 High-risk types cause uterine cervical cancer and a significant proportion of carcinomas in other sites, including the vulva, vagina, penis, anus, larynx, and tonsils.…”

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confidence: 99%