Conjunctures in the History of International Humanitarian Aid during the Twentieth Century

Paulmann, Johannes

doi:10.1353/hum.2013.0016

Cited by 56 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In this light, limiting histories of humanitarianism to initiatives for emergency relief risks neglecting an important dimension. 92 Helping distant others has often gone hand in hand with the aim of a long-term transformation of the relations between those helping and those being helped.…”

Section: No Justice Without Charitymentioning

confidence: 99%

No justice Without Charity: Humanitarianism After Empire

Dam

2020

The International History Review

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Humanitarian actors have firmly stated that they have moved on from charity since the 1960s. Instead, they have anchored their work in a notion of justice, rejecting religious differences and colonial ties. Their new focus was on the structural reforms to which the disadvantaged had a right. The analysis of the activities of the agencies which imported fair trade products from the 1960s until the 1980s demonstrates how the purported transition from charity to justice impacted humanitarian action. Despite being important to contemporaries, it does not provide a plausible historical account. Earlier 'charitable' initiatives did present a transformative impetus. Presuming a transition from charity to justice also fails to acknowledge the continued importance of charitable impulses among activists and their supporters. The changing interplay between charity and justice is crucial to understanding how social justice was defined within a transnational network of activists coming to terms with a postcolonial world.

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Section: No Justice Without Charitymentioning

confidence: 99%

No justice Without Charity: Humanitarianism After Empire

Dam

2020

The International History Review

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“…fragile livelihoods. Humanitarian aid organizations for developing countries were formalized and grew considerably after the postwar period, when intergovernmental aid organizations were organized under the auspices of the United Nations (Paulmann 2013). The war marked a transition between the belieforiented organizations that had been active for centuries, to the formalization of aid organizations with defined purposes, professional personnel, and budgets.…”

Section: Feedbacks In Governancementioning

confidence: 99%

Transforming governance in telecoupled food systems

Eakin¹,

Rueda²,

Mahanti³

2017

E&S

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ABSTRACT. In this paper we analyze how new actors, interests, and resources become salient to food system governance and how the domain of food system governance transforms as a result. Specifically, we focus on how the boundaries of food systems are redefined and new institutions are developed through the explicit recognition of distal interactions and feedbacks-telecoupling-operating in the food system space. Telecoupling can stimulate new forms of governance, such as the development of codes of conduct and certification schemes, with positive impacts on food and livelihood security; when ignored, telecouplings can exacerbate undesirable social and ecological outcomes in linked systems. We present a typology of telecoupled food systems, highlighting three dimensions of distance that can be present in systems that become telecoupled: social, institutional, and physical. We use that typology to explore the evolution of telecoupling and governance change in two case studies. We associate the tendency for changes in governance that occur in each case with the nature of "distance" in the systems in question: whether the systems are distal in terms of social and/or institutional ties, or in the resource base, or some combination of all three dimensions of distance. The challenge of overcoming distance is not the only issue that affects the possibility of governance change; the cases illustrate that the cultural and economic conditions of the connected systems, the agency of actors involved, and their political and social relations and networks all come to play in enabling governance transformation in telecoupled systems.

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“…According to Davies, the origins of the humanitarian system can be found in the Western and especially European experience of 29 Nicholas Morris, "Humanitarian Aid." 30 David Barsamian, "Liberating the Mind from Orthodoxies: An Interview with Noam Chomsky" http://faculty.mu.edu.sa/public/uploads/1333600745.2666Noam%20Chomsky%20 -%20Liberating%20the%20Mind%20from%20Orthodoxies.pdf (accessed October 11, 2016). war and natural disaster. 31 It can be observed that the efforts of the most prominent international actors-states, nongovernmental organisations (NGOs), international agencies, the Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement-have merged into a "system" that is roughly connected and works on the base of links at the level of finances, operations, personnel, and values.…”

Section: -Noam Chomsky 30mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Humanitarian activity is a reality of our world today https://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/misc/57jq4g.htm (accessed October 11, 2016). 53 Grossrieder, (Accessed October 11, 2016). and, unfortunately, it is used as a two-sided knife: while it comes as a tourniquet to the wounds of the people and the country in need, it leaves deep scars on the identity and culture of the place.…”

Section: Humanitarian Activity Versus Identity and Culturementioning

confidence: 99%