Connecting the study of wild influenza with the potential for pandemic disease

Runstadler, Jonathan A.; Hill, Nichola J.; Hussein, Islam T. M.; Puryear, Wendy B.; Keogh, Mandy

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2013.02.020

Cited by 71 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 336 publications

(458 reference statements)

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“…These antibodies were not only protective against a panel of H3N2 strains and an H3N8 virus but also provided robust protection against a heterosubtypic challenge with avian H7N1 and H10N7 isolates, demonstrating a breadth that spans both clades of the group 2 HA-expressing viruses. This breadth is important in light of growing concerns about the pandemic potential of H3N2 variant (H3N2v) viruses and H3N8 viruses isolated from New England harbor seals and other zoonotic H3 strains (12,34,38), as well as H4-, H7-, and H10-expressing viruses that infect humans occasionally (11,(39)(40)(41)(42)(43). Importantly, this vaccination strategy also induced high titers of stalk-reactive antibodies against the H7 HA from the emerging Chinese H7N9 virus (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low vaccine efficacy was also observed in the elderly during the 2012-2013 epidemic (caused mostly by H3N2 strains) (8). Furthermore, mismatch-independent vaccine failure in certain populations (9) and the pandemic threat from avian viruses like H7N9 and other zoonotic influenza viruses (10)(11)(12) warrant the development of better, longer-lasting, and broader vaccines.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Hemagglutinin Stalk-Based Universal Vaccine Constructs Protect against Group 2 Influenza A Viruses

Margine

Krammer

Hai

et al. 2013

J Virol

186

161

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f Current influenza virus vaccines contain H1N1 (phylogenetic group 1 hemagglutinin), H3N2 (phylogenetic group 2 hemagglutinin), and influenza B virus components. These vaccines induce good protection against closely matched strains by predominantly eliciting antibodies against the membrane distal globular head domain of their respective viral hemagglutinins. This domain, however, undergoes rapid antigenic drift, allowing the virus to escape neutralizing antibody responses. The membrane proximal stalk domain of the hemagglutinin is much more conserved compared to the head domain. In recent years, a growing collection of antibodies that neutralize a broad range of influenza virus strains and subtypes by binding to this domain has been isolated. Here, we demonstrate that a vaccination strategy based on the stalk domain of the H3 hemagglutinin (group 2) induces in mice broadly neutralizing anti-stalk antibodies that are highly cross-reactive to heterologous H3, H10, H14, H15, and H7 (derived from the novel Chinese H7N9 virus) hemagglutinins. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these antibodies confer broad protection against influenza viruses expressing various group 2 hemagglutinins, including an H7 subtype. Through passive transfer experiments, we show that the protection is mediated mainly by neutralizing antibodies against the stalk domain. Our data suggest that, in mice, a vaccine strategy based on the hemagglutinin stalk domain can protect against viruses expressing divergent group 2 hemagglutinins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemagglutinin Stalk-Based Universal Vaccine Constructs Protect against Group 2 Influenza A Viruses

Margine

Krammer

Hai

et al. 2013

J Virol

186

161

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“…However, the apparently stochastic nature by which AIV lineages disperse, in addition to the selective pressures limiting most dispersal events, makes it difficult to determine the ecological factors influencing AIV gene flow in wild birds within the MMF (73). Ultimately, surveillance efforts in wild birds should be conducted with the goal of capturing AIV diversity, both antigenic and genetic, to prevent and prepare for pandemic threats and potential spillover to domestic animals (7). In order to capture this diversity, surveillance should be conducted annually given the rate at which these viruses appear to move with wild birds and among strategically placed (both temporally and geographically) sites along migratory corridors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each of the four human pandemic strains emerging in the last 100 years has contained genetic segments derived from avian-origin AIVs (6). Therefore, understanding the genomic diversity of AIVs circulating in the Anseriformes, along with other natural reservoirs, is important for preparing for future pandemic threats (7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spread and Persistence of Influenza A Viruses in Waterfowl Hosts in the North American Mississippi Migratory Flyway

Fries

Nolting

Bowman

et al. 2015

J Virol

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While geographic distance often restricts the spread of pathogens via hosts, this barrier may be compromised when host species are mobile. Migratory waterfowl in the order Anseriformes are important reservoir hosts for diverse populations of avian-origin influenza A viruses (AIVs) and are assumed to spread AIVs during their annual continental-scale migrations. However, support for this hypothesis is limited, and it is rarely tested using data from comprehensive surveillance efforts incorporating both the temporal and spatial aspects of host migratory patterns. We conducted intensive AIV surveillance of waterfowl using the North American Mississippi Migratory Flyway (MMF) over three autumn migratory seasons. Viral isolates (n ‫؍‬ 297) from multiple host species were sequenced and analyzed for patterns of gene dispersal between northern staging and southern wintering locations. Using a phylogenetic and nucleotide identity framework, we observed a larger amount of gene dispersal within this flyway rather than between the other three longitudinally identified North American flyways. Across seasons, we observed patterns of regional persistence of diversity for each genomic segment, along with limited survival of dispersed AIV gene lineages. Reassortment increased with both time and distance, resulting in transient AIV constellations. This study shows that within the MMF, AIV gene flow favors spread along the migratory corridor within a season, and also that intensive surveillance during bird migration is important for identifying virus dispersal on time scales relevant to pandemic responsiveness. In addition, this study indicates that comprehensive monitoring programs to capture AIV diversity are critical for providing insight into AIV evolution and ecology in a major natural reservoir. IMPORTANCEMigratory birds are a reservoir for antigenic and genetic diversity of influenza A viruses (AIVs) and are implicated in the spread of virus diversity that has contributed to previous pandemic events. Evidence for dispersal of avian-origin AIVs by migratory birds is rarely examined on temporal scales relevant to pandemic or panzootic threats. Therefore, characterizing AIV movement by hosts within a migratory season is important for implementing effective surveillance strategies. We conducted surveillance following birds along a major North American migratory route and observed that within a migratory season, AIVs rapidly reassorted and gene lineages were dispersed primarily within the migratory corridor. Patterns of regional persistence were observed across seasons for each gene segment. We show that dispersal of AIV gene lineages by migratory birds occurs quickly along migratory routes and that surveillance for AIVs threatening human and animal health should focus attention on these routes.

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“…Domestic swine have been viewed as important for the adaptation and spillover of IA from birds into human populations as they are sensitive to both avian and mammalian (including human) influenza viruses [1]. However, in much of Eurasia and North America wild swine are geographically widespread, abundant and often come in close contact with humans in rural and agricultural settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody Prevalence to Influenza Type A in Wild Boars of Northern Ukraine

Kovalenko

Halka

Molozhanova

2017

OJPHI

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ObjectiveA preliminary serological survey was carried out to assess thelikelihood of Influenza A (IA) infection in wild boars and begin tocharacterize the role of wild boars in the epidemiology of the IA virus.IntroductionDomestic swine have been viewed as important for the adaptationand spillover of IA from birds into human populations as they aresensitive to both avian and mammalian (including human) influenzaviruses [1]. However, in much of Eurasia and North America wildswine are geographically widespread, abundant and often come inclose contact with humans in rural and agricultural settings. Untilrecently, little attention has been paid to this as an alternate routefor IA transmission to human and domestic populations and itssignificance is not clear.Therefore, the monitoring of the exposure of wild mammals toIA was viewed as essential as potential vectors impacting domesticanimals and public health.MethodsFrom September to December 2014, wild boar sera were collectedby professional hunters in 4 Oblasts of Ukraine: Volyn, Rivne,Zhytomyr, and Chernihiv. Blood was collected from jugular veins.Sera were collected in Eppendorf type tubes, separated from wholeblood without centrifugation and stored at -20C until serologicallytested. To detect antibodies to IA, a blocking ELISA was used.Serum samples were tested using commercial test kits “InfluenzaA Ab Test” (IDEXX, USA). Specific antibodies in wild boarserum samples were detected based on manufacturer’s instructions.Briefly, sera were diluted 1:10, and incubated in test wells for60 minutes at room temperature, followed by three washes. Anti-IAHorseradish Peroxidase HRP conjugate was then added and incubatedfor 30 minutes at room temperature. Following three washes,3',5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), as a substrate, was addedand incubated for 15 minutes. Absorbencies were measured at 650A using a iMark Microplate Absorbance Reader and data wereanalyzed using Microsoft Excel. Based on the manufacturer’sinstructions, a serum sample was considered positive if the sample/negative control ratio (S/N) did not exceed a threshold of 0.60.Statistical analyses were performed with the program “StatisticsCalculator”.ResultsSera from 120 wild boars that were shot in 2014 were tested. Thirtyboars from each of 4 Oblasts were collected in the north central andnorthwestern regions of Ukraine. Antibodies against IAV weredetected using ELISA in 27 samples (22.5 %), (Table 1). Antibodiesto IA virus were detected in at least some of the wild boars from all ofthe 4 Oblasts. The highest percentages of seropositive samples weredetected in wild boar from Volyn and Zhytomyr Oblasts (Fig. 1).The prevalence differences were statistically significant only betweensamples from Volyn and Chernihiv Oblasts (P<0.05). The averageS/N value of all positive serum samples was 0.36±0.03.ConclusionsThis preliminary survey of IA antibodies in wild boar populationsof northern Ukraine indicates a substantial presence of exposure toIAV throughout the region.Infection of wild boar populations provides an alternative oradditional route for spillover from wild populations to domesticanimals and humans. This potential has received relatively littleattention until recently, likely in part because feral swine populationshave not been viewed as a serious challenge in most regions of theworld where the natural history of IA has received serious study.Table 1Seroprevalence of IA virus in wild boars in UkraineFigure 1Serological surveillance of wild boars for IA virus innorthern Ukraine

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Connecting the study of wild influenza with the potential for pandemic disease

Cited by 71 publications

References 336 publications

Hemagglutinin Stalk-Based Universal Vaccine Constructs Protect against Group 2 Influenza A Viruses

Hemagglutinin Stalk-Based Universal Vaccine Constructs Protect against Group 2 Influenza A Viruses

Spread and Persistence of Influenza A Viruses in Waterfowl Hosts in the North American Mississippi Migratory Flyway

Antibody Prevalence to Influenza Type A in Wild Boars of Northern Ukraine

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