Connection between the thermionic work function and the electronic structure of metals

Mindyuk, A. K.

doi:10.1007/bf00715420

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…EWF largely reflects the electron behavior of materials and is also influenced by the surface condition, such as adsorption 6 , contamination 7 , surface roughness and corrosion products 8 , etc. Although the work function is influenced by the surface condition, it fundamentally reflects the atomic interaction and is directly related to bulk properties 9 10 11 . This parameter could thus be used to predict and evaluate mechanical properties of metals.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electron work function–a promising guiding parameter for material design

Liu

Yan

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Using nickel added X70 steel as a sample material, we demonstrate that electron work function (EWF), which largely reflects the electron behavior of materials, could be used as a guide parameter for material modification or design. Adding Ni having a higher electron work function to X70 steel brings more “free” electrons to the steel, leading to increased overall work function, accompanied with enhanced e−–nuclei interactions or higher atomic bond strength. Young’s modulus and hardness increase correspondingly. However, the free electron density and work function decrease as the Ni content is continuously increased, accompanied with the formation of a second phase, FeNi3, which is softer with a lower work function. The decrease in the overall work function corresponds to deterioration of the mechanical strength of the steel. It is expected that EWF, a simple but fundamental parameter, may lead to new methodologies or supplementary approaches for metallic materials design or tailoring on a feasible electronic base.

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confidence: 99%

Electron work function–a promising guiding parameter for material design

Liu

Yan

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…It is one of the fundamental electronic properties of materials, depending on both the bulk composition and surface conditions. Previous studies have demonstrated that the surface layers of crystals also contain information on the electronic structure of the solid, thus the work function reflects not only the condition of the electrons in the surface layers but also the crystal structure (Halas & Durakiewicz, 2010;Mindyuk, 1974;Samsonov et al, 1974). It has been demonstrated that work function can be derived from the bulk properties such as the Fermi energy and electron density (Halas & Durakiewicz, 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

Hardening tungsten carbide by alloying elements with high work function

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2019

Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater

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There is intensive searching for superhard materials in both theoretical and experimental studies. Refractory and transition metal carbides are typical materials with high hardness. In this study, first‐principles calculations were performed first to analyze the electronic structures and mechanical properties of the tungsten‐carbide‐based compounds. The results indicated that tungsten carbide could be hardened by alloying elements with high work functions to tailor the Fermi level and electron density. Guided by the calculations, a new type of tungsten carbide alloyed with Re was synthesized. The Young's modulus and hardness of the Re‐alloyed tungsten carbide are increased by 31% and 44%, respectively, as compared with those of tungsten carbide. This study provides a new methodology to design superhard materials on a feasible electronic base using work function as a simple guiding parameter.

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Potential application of electron work function in analyzing fracture toughness of materials

Ouyang

Yan

et al. 2017

Journal of Materials Science & Technology

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Connection between the thermionic work function and the electronic structure of metals

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Electron work function–a promising guiding parameter for material design

Electron work function–a promising guiding parameter for material design

Hardening tungsten carbide by alloying elements with high work function

Potential application of electron work function in analyzing fracture toughness of materials

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