Connection of Cancer Exosomal LncRNAs, Sponging miRNAs, and Exosomal Processing and Their Potential Modulation by Natural Products

Abstract

Cancerous exosomes contain diverse biomolecules that regulate cancer progression. Modulating exosome biogenesis with clinical drugs has become an effective strategy for cancer therapy. Suppressing exosomal processing (assembly and secretion) may block exosomal function to reduce the proliferation of cancer cells. However, the information on natural products that modulate cancer exosomes lacks systemic organization, particularly for exosomal long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). There is a gap in the connection between exosomal lncRNAs and exosomal processing. This review introduces the database (LncTarD) to explore the potential of exosomal lncRNAs and their sponging miRNAs. The names of sponging miRNAs were transferred to the database (miRDB) for the target prediction of exosomal processing genes. Moreover, the impacts of lncRNAs, sponging miRNAs, and exosomal processing on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and natural-product-modulating anticancer effects were then retrieved and organized. This review sheds light on the functions of exosomal lncRNAs, sponging miRNAs, and exosomal processing in anticancer processes. It also provides future directions for the application of natural products when regulating cancerous exosomal lncRNAs.

Polyphenol-Based Nanoparticles: A Promising Frontier for Enhanced Colorectal Cancer Treatment

“…Traditional treatment approaches for cancer, including surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapies (Figure 1), have limitations such as drug resistance, systemic toxicity, and a lack of selectivity towards cancer cells [3][4][5]. As a result, there is a growing interest in the development of alternative treatment options that can overcome these challenges and provide more effective outcomes [6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Special Issue on Cancer Smart Nanomedicine

“…The review written by Chuang et al describes the functions of exosomal long noncoding RNAs, sponging, and exosomal processing in anticancer processes. This review also discusses future directions regarding the application of natural products in the regulation of non-coding RNA-loaded exosomes [7].…”