Connections among parent and child atopic illnesses

Sarafino, Edward P.

doi:10.1034/j.1399-3038.2000.00065.x

Cited by 32 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…Similarly, strong associations between allergy and asthma have been seen in other studies (13,14). Our study also supports previous studies (5,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) showing that having at least one parent with asthma increases a child's risk of developing asthma. Whereas other studies report inconsistent associations between early respiratory illnesses and asthma, our findings of an association were consistent between communities.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Regional Variations in Risk Factors for Asthma in School Children

Lawson

Rennie

Cockcroft

et al. 2005

Canadian Respiratory Journal

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BACKGROUND: The authors have previously reported an increased prevalence of asthma in Estevan, Saskatchewan (21.4%) compared with Swift Current, Saskatchewan (16.2%). OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between asthma and personal and indoor environmental risk factors in these communities. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2000. A questionnaire was distributed to school children in grades 1 to 6 for completion by a parent. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine associations between various risk factors and physician-diagnosed asthma. RESULTS: Asthma was associated with respiratory allergy (adjusted OR [adjOR]=8.85, 95% CI 6.79 to 11.54), early respiratory illness (adjOR=2.81, 95% CI 1.96 to 4.03) and family history of asthma (adjOR=2.37, 95% CI 1.67 to 3.36). Several environmental factors varied with asthma by town. In Estevan, asthma was associated with home mould or dampness (adjOR=1.82, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.69) and was inversely associated with air conditioning (adjOR=0.56, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.85). The risk of asthma was increased if the child had previous exposure to environmental tobacco smoke from the mother in both communities (Swift Current: OR=1.87, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.30; Estevan: OR=2.00, 95% CI 1.17 to 3.43), and there was an inverse association with current exposure to environmental tobacco smoke from the mother in Estevan (OR=0.64, 95% CI 0.40 to 1.00). When multivariate analyses were stratified by sex, the relationship between home mould or dampness and asthma was most prominent in girls in Estevan. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a similar regional location, different risk factors for asthma were identified in each community. Local environmental factors are important to consider when interpreting findings and planning asthma care.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Regional Variations in Risk Factors for Asthma in School Children

Lawson

Rennie

Cockcroft

et al. 2005

Canadian Respiratory Journal

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“…14,15 The causes of atopy are not fully known to date, but high levels of concordance among parents and children are present in asthma, as well as in allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. 36 Tobacco use in the group of 13-to 14-year old children was associated with current asthma. Tobacco exposure also has been reported as an important risk factor for development of asthma and allergic sensitization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Identification of asthma risk factors in Mexico City in an International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood survey

Del-Río-Navarro¹,

Berber²,

Blandón-Vijil³

et al. 2006

allergy asthma proc

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The International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood (ISAAC) has assessed the prevalence of asthma, as well as the factors related to the disease in different countries. The aim of this study was to identify asthma risks factors in Mexico City. Data were obtained from questionnaires of children participating in a phase 3b ISAAC survey. Two thousand ninety-eight boys and 2008 girls were recruited in the 6- to 7-year-old group and 3243 boy and 3333 girls were recruited in the 13- to 14-year-old group. Logistic regression was used to determine the asthma risks factors. In the logistic regression for cumulative and current asthma prevalence, the variables allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis were the most important risk factors with the highest odds ratios (OR > 1.5; p < 0.05). The use of antibiotics and paracetamol in the first 12 months of life were related to cumulative asthma in both genders in the 6- to 7-year-old group. Contact of pregnant mother with farm animals was positively related with cumulative asthma in boys in the 6- to 7-year-old group. The main factors associated with the cumulative and current prevalence of asthma in both age groups were atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis. Future interventions for the prevention and early diagnosis and treatment could be focused in the natural history of the atopic march.

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“…Several studies have indicated that maternal atopy and AD, even more profoundly than paternal AD, increases the risk of atopy and AD in the infant (5)(6)(7)(8). In a recent study, in comparison to paternal atopy, maternal atopy involved a more than 3-fold risk of atopy in child (8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the evidence is inconclusive, breast-feeding during the first months after birth seems to protect the infant against AD, including atopic eczema (1), allergic rhinitis (2), asthma (3), and food allergy (4). However, it has been documented that parental and particularly maternal AD increases the risk of AD in the infant (5)(6)(7)(8). The intensive relationship between the mother and the infant during pregnancy and breast-feeding may result in modulation of the immune system of the infant to favor the development of allergic immune responder phenotype.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Milk Fatty Acids, Eicosanoids, and Cytokines in Mothers with and without Allergic Disease

et al. 2003

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Allergic disease (AD), including atopic eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and food allergy, is characterized by an imbalance between cytokines produced by distinct T-helper cell subtypes. Whether this imbalance can be transferred from mother to breast milk remains to be established. The objective was to investigate the concentrations and interactions of nutritional and inflammatory factors in breast milk. Breast milk samples were collected from mothers with AD (n ϭ 43) and without AD (n ϭ 51). The concentrations of transforming growth factor (TGF)-␤ 2 , tumor necrosis factor-␣, IL-4, IL-10, prostaglandin E 2 , and cysteinyl leukotrienes were measured by immunoassays and fatty acid composition by gas chromatography. Mothers with AD had a lower concentration of TGF-␤ 2 in breast milk [median (interquartile range), 420 (278 -701) ng/L] compared with those without AD [539 (378 -1108) ng/L; p ϭ 0.003], whereas other cytokines, prostaglandin E 2 , and cysteinyl leukotriene concentrations or fatty acid composition were not significantly different between the groups. The breast milk inflammatory factors and fatty acid composition were shown to be related. A positive association was observed between TGF-␤ 2 and the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (p ϭ 0.038) and a negative association between TGF-␤ 2 and the proportion of saturated fatty acids (p ϭ 0.029) in breast milk. The reduced TGF-␤ 2 concentration in the breast milk of mothers with AD may interfere with the development of the mucosal immune system of the breast-fed infant. The observed associations between nutritional and inflammatory factors in breast milk suggest that it may be possible to influence the immunologic properties of breast milk by dietary intervention of the mother. Breast milk provides the infant with nutrients for growth and development and immune protection to compensate for the immature and inexperienced defense mechanisms at mucosal surfaces. Although the evidence is inconclusive, breast-feeding during the first months after birth seems to protect the infant against AD, including atopic eczema (1), allergic rhinitis (2), asthma (3), and food allergy (4). However, it has been documented that parental and particularly maternal AD increases the risk of AD in the infant (5-8). The intensive relationship between the mother and the infant during pregnancy and breast-feeding may result in modulation of the immune system of the infant to favor the development of allergic immune responder phenotype. As allergic inflammation is typically characterized by altered production of mediators such as cytokines and immunoglobulins (9, 10), it is possible that the AD of the mother influences the breast milk composition. Such variation in composition may in turn affect the maturation of the defense mechanisms of the gastrointestinal tract and thus the health status of the breast-fed infant.Cytokines, fatty acids, and eicosanoids-depending on the mediator type-have the capacity to exert both proinflammatory and antiinflammatory effects (11-13), but litt...

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Connections among parent and child atopic illnesses

Cited by 32 publications

References 35 publications

Regional Variations in Risk Factors for Asthma in School Children

Regional Variations in Risk Factors for Asthma in School Children

Identification of asthma risk factors in Mexico City in an International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood survey

Breast Milk Fatty Acids, Eicosanoids, and Cytokines in Mothers with and without Allergic Disease

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