Objective.To examine the possible association between augmentation mammoplasty and systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma).Methods. Eight hundred thirty-seven women with a clinical diagnosis of SSc, recruited as a volunteer sample from 3 university-based, tertiary care scleroderma clinical research centers, and 2,507 race-matched local control women, recruited by the technique of random-digit-dialing and frequency-matched on age, completed a questionnaire providing data on history of augmentation mammoplasty, including possible complications of the procedure. The odds ratio (OR) and 95 percent confidence interval (95% CI) for the association of augmentation mammoplasty with SSc were estimated Presented in part at the 56th National Meeting of the American College of Rheumatology, .4tlanta, GA, October 1 9 2 , the 57th National Meeting of the American College of Rheumatology, San Antonio, TX, November 1993 by multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, race and center, and by conditional logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age.Results. Eleven (131%) of the 837 cases reported a history of augmentation mammoplasty prior to diagnosis of SSc, compared with 31 (1.24%) of the 2,507 controls. The adjusted OR from the unmatched analysis was 1.07 (95% CI 0.53-2.13), while that from the matched analysis was 1.11 (95% CI 0.55-2.24).
Conclusion.These results fail to demonstrate a significant association between augmentation mammoplasty and SSc, and are consistent with those reported from other epidemiologic studies.Thirty years ago, Miyoshi and colleagues published the first report of patients with a presumed connective tissue disease following cosmetic breast augmentation by direct injection of liquid paraffin and silicone (1). In 1984, Kumagai and colleagues described 11 patients with definite connective tissue disease and 7 with possible connective tissue disease and reviewed 28 additional cases from the Japanese literature (2). All of these patients had breast augmentation by injection of a foreign substance, most commonly paraffin or silicone, and 8 had a diagnosis of systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma). The first report of patients developing definite connective tissue disease following augmentation mammoplasty with silicone gel-filled breast implants was presented by van Nunen and colleagues in 1982 (3). Numerous case reports and case series describing patients with rheumatic disease symptoms and connective tissue diseases following augmentation mammoplasty with silicone gel-filled breast implants were published during the ensuing decade (4-20). In a review of the English-language literature published from 1979 through June 1993, Sanchez-Guerrero and colleagues identified reports of 293 patients with rheumatic disease symptoms following augmentation mammoplasty with silicone gel-filled breast implants; of 57 patients with a 1126 HOCHBERG ET AL definite connective tissue disease, 38 (66.7%) had a diagnosis of SSc (21). Subsequent to that review, data on 376 patients with rheumatic sy...