Connectivity Maintenance for Next-Generation Decentralized Vehicle Platoon Networks

The capacity of highways has been an ever-present constraint in the 21st century, bringing about the issue of safety with greater likelihoods of traffic accidents occurring. Furthermore, recent global oil prices have inflated to record levels. A potential solution lies in vehicular platooning, which has been garnering attention, but its deployment is uncommon due to cyber security concerns. One particular concern is a Sybil attack, by which the admission of fake virtual vehicles into the platoon allows malicious actors to wreak havoc on the platoon itself. In this paper, we propose a secure management scheme for platoons that can protect major events that occur in the platoon operations against Sybil attacks. Both vehicle identity and message exchanged are authenticated by adopting key exchange, digital signature and encryption schemes based on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). Noteworthy features of the scheme include providing perfect forward secrecy and both group forward and backward secrecy to preserve the privacy of vehicles and platoons. Typical malicious attacks such as replay and man-in-the-middle attacks for example can also be resisted. A formal evaluation of the security functionality of the scheme by the Canetti–Krawczyk (CK) adversary and the random oracle model as well as a brief computational verification by CryptoVerif were conducted. Finally, the performance of the proposed scheme was evaluated to show its time and space efficiency.

Section: Formal Proof Of Platoon Exit Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secure Vehicular Platoon Management against Sybil Attacks

Junaidi

2022

“…In this section, we mainly review previous studies for vehicle platooning performed in a distributed manner and discuss the requirements imposed on urban platooning. Many protocols for vehicle platooning on highways have been designed, which adopt either a centralized approach or a distributed approach to vehicle platoon formation [ 7 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. The centralized approach requires a central system that is responsible for determining which vehicle platoon a given vehicle will join.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One platooning protocol is to mainly use a radar sensor to maintain the inter-vehicle distance and only occasionally use wireless communication to share control information for unexpected driving situations [ 23 ]. A vehicle is allowed to join a platoon regardless of its driving position.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Urban Platooning towards High Flexibility, Adaptability, and Stability

Jeong

Baek

Son

2021

Vehicle platooning reduces the safety distance between vehicles and the travel time of vehicles so that it leads to an increase in road capacity and to saving fuel consumption. In Europe, many projects for vehicle platooning are being actively developed, but mostly focus on truck platooning on the highway with a simpler topology than that of the urban road. When an existing vehicle platoon is applied to urban roads, many challenges are more complicated to address than highways. They include complex topology, various routes, traffic signals, intersections, frequent lane change, and communication interference depending on a higher vehicle density. To address these challenges, we propose a distributed urban platooning protocol (DUPP) that enables high mobility and maximizes flexibility for driving vehicles to conduct urban platooning in a decentralized manner. DUPP has simple procedures to perform platooning maneuvers and does not require explicit conforming for the completion of platooning maneuvers. Since DUPP mainly operates on a service channel, it does not cause negative side effects on the exchange of basic safety messages on a control channel. Moreover, DUPP does not generate any data propagation delay due to contention-based channel access since it guarantees sequential data transmission opportunities for urban platooning vehicles. Finally, to address a problem of the broadcast storm while vehicles notify detected road events, DUPP performs forwarder selection using an analytic hierarchy process. The performance of the proposed DUPP is compared with that of ENSEMBLE which is the latest European platooning project in terms of the travel time of vehicles, the lifetime of an urban platoon, the success ratio of a designed maneuver, the external cost and the periodicity of the urban platooning-related transmissions, the adaptability of an urban platoon, and the forwarder selection ratio for each vehicle. The results of the performance evaluation demonstrate that the proposed DUPP is well suited to dynamic urban environments by maintaining a vehicle platoon as stable as possible after DUPP flexibly and quickly forms a vehicle platoon without the support of a centralized node.

“…To solve the issue of scarcity spectrum, in [ 34 ] the authors divided the cognitive radio technology VANET (CR-VANET) into two stages: HCR-VANET and LCR-VANET and design the corresponding system problem model according to different scenarios to maximize the throughput. Because the communication capacity of the main vehicle (Leader) is limited, the authors in [ 35 ] propose a distributed network where each vehicle determines its speed only by contacting a short-distance vehicle. To improve VANET reliability and delay, a V2V resource allocation method based on C-V2X technology, the authors idea in [ 36 ] is that V2V communication between vehicles based on V2X cellular technology eliminates competitive latency and facilitates long-distance communication where the problem with optimizing resource allocation for cellular eNodeBs is choosing the best receiver for V2V correlation identification and appropriate channel assignment to reduce overall latency.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Channel Allocation for Connected Vehicles in Internet of Things Services

Al-Absi

Sain

et al. 2021

Based on the existing Internet of Vehicles communication protocol and multi-channel allocation strategy, this paper studies the key issues with vehicle communication. First, the traffic volume is relatively large which depends on the environment (city, highway, and rural). When many vehicles need to communicate, the communication is prone to collision. Secondly, because the traditional multi-channel allocation method divides the time into control time slots and transmission time slots when there are few vehicles, it will cause waste of channels, also when there are more vehicles, the channels will not be enough for more vehicles. However, to maximize the system throughput, the existing model Enhanced Non-Cooperative Cognitive division Multiple Access (ENCCMA) performs amazingly well by connected the Cognitive Radio with Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) for a multi-channel vehicular network. However, this model induces Medium Access Control (MAC) overhead and does not consider the performance evaluation in various environmental conditions. Therefore, this paper proposes a Distributed Medium Channel Allocation (DMCA) strategy, by dividing the control time slot into an appointment and a safety period in the shared channel network. SIMITS simulator was used for experiment evaluation in terms of throughput, collision, and successful packet transmission. However, the outcome shows that our method significantly improved the channel utilization and reduced the occurrence of communication overhead.